Wireless communications for network access configuration

ABSTRACT

Wireless communications for network access configuration are described. A base station may configure a monitoring gap for a wireless device, based on information received from the wireless device. The wireless device may use the monitoring gap to communicate with another base station associated with another wireless network.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/840,717, titled “Network Access Configuration Information” and filedon Apr. 30, 2019. The above-referenced application is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

A wireless device may communicate with one or more base stations. Thewireless device may be able to communicate/associate with multiplewireless networks, for example, using multiple subscriber/useridentities/modules/identifiers.

SUMMARY

The following summary presents a simplified summary of certain features.The summary is not an extensive overview and is not intended to identifykey or critical elements.

Wireless communications using multiple wireless networks are described.A wireless device may be configured to communicate via one or morewireless networks. A base station associated with a wireless network mayconfigure one or more resources (e.g., a wireless resource gap) for thewireless device to communicate with another wireless network.Configuring resource(s) as described herein may provide advantages suchas reduced interference, increased reliability, reduced latency, and/orimproved interoperability for the wireless device to use differentnetworks, devices, services, etc.

These and other features and advantages are described in greater detailbelow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some features are shown by way of example, and not by limitation, in theaccompanying drawings. In the drawings, like numerals reference similarelements.

FIG. 1 shows an example radio access network (RAN) architecture.

FIG. 2A shows an example user plane protocol stack.

FIG. 2B shows an example control plane protocol stack.

FIG. 3 shows an example wireless device and two base stations.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, and FIG. 4D show examples of uplink anddownlink signal transmission.

FIG. 5A shows an example uplink channel mapping and example uplinkphysical signals.

FIG. 5B shows an example downlink channel mapping and example downlinkphysical signals.

FIG. 6 shows an example transmission time and/or reception time for acarrier.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B show example sets of orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers.

FIG. 8 shows example OFDM radio resources.

FIG. 9A shows an example channel state information reference signal(CSI-RS) and/or synchronization signal (SS) block transmission in amulti-beam system.

FIG. 9B shows an example downlink beam management procedure.

FIG. 10 shows an example of configured bandwidth parts (BWPs).

FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B show examples of multi connectivity.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a random access procedure.

FIG. 13 shows example medium access control (MAC) entities.

FIG. 14 shows an example RAN architecture.

FIG. 15 shows example radio resource control (RRC) states.

FIG. 16 shows an example architecture for a wireless device comprisingmultiple subscriber/user identities/modules/identifiers.

FIG. 17A, FIG. 17B, and FIG. 17C show example wireless devicescomprising various quantities of transmitters and receivers.

FIG. 18 shows an example network architecture.

FIG. 19 shows an example network architecture.

FIG. 20 shows an example that may be used for discontinuous reception(DRX)-based in-device coexistence (IDC).

FIG. 21A shows an example of communications via at least two basestations.

FIG. 21B shows an example of wireless device communications via twocells in a time domain.

FIG. 22A shows an example of communications via at least two wirelessnetworks.

FIG. 22B shows example of wireless device communications via a firstpublic land mobile network (PLMN) and via a second PLMN.

FIG. 23 shows an example of communications via at least two basestations.

FIG. 24A shows an example of communications via least two base stations.

FIG. 24B shows an example of wireless device communications via twocells in a time domain.

FIG. 25A shows an example of communications via at least two wirelessnetworks.

FIG. 25B shows example of wireless device communications via a firstPLMN and via a second PLMN.

FIG. 26 shows an example of communications via at least two basestations.

FIG. 27 shows example paging control channel (PCCH) configurationparameters.

FIG. 28 shows descriptions of the example PCCH configuration parameters.

FIG. 29 shows example configuration parameters of a resource/gap.

FIG. 30 shows example configuration parameters of a resource/gap.

FIG. 31 shows an example method for communicating in a resource/gap.

FIG. 32 shows an example method at a base station for communicating in aresource/gap.

FIG. 33 shows example elements of a computing device that may be used toimplement any of the various devices described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The accompanying drawings and descriptions provide examples. It is to beunderstood that the examples shown in the drawings and/or described arenon-exclusive and that there are other examples of how features shownand described may be practiced.

Examples are provided for operation of wireless communication systemswhich may be used in the technical field of multicarrier communicationsystems. More particularly, the technology described herein may relateto wireless communications for network access configuration.

The following acronyms are used throughout the drawings and/ordescriptions, and are provided below for convenience although otheracronyms may be introduced in the detailed description:

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project 5GC 5G Core Network ACKAcknowledgement AMF Access and Mobility Management Function ARQAutomatic Repeat Request AS Access Stratum ASIC Application-SpecificIntegrated Circuit BA Bandwidth Adaptation BCCH Broadcast ControlChannel BCH Broadcast Channel BFR Beam Failure Recovery BLER Block ErrorRate BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BSR Buffer Status Report BWPBandwidth Part CA Carrier Aggregation CC Component Carrier CCCH CommonControl CHannel CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CN Core NetworkCORESET Control Resource Set CP Cyclic Prefix CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex C-RNTI Cell-Radio NetworkTemporary Identifier CS Configured Scheduling CSI Channel StateInformation CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal CQIChannel Quality Indicator CSS Common Search Space CRC Cyclic RedundancyCheck CU Central Unit DC Dual Connectivity DCCH Dedicated ControlChannel DCI Downlink Control Information DL Downlink DL-SCH DownlinkShared CHannel DM-RS DeModulation Reference Signal DRB Data Radio BearerDRX Discontinuous Reception DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel DUDistributed Unit EPC Evolved Packet Core EPS Evolved Packet SystemE-UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access E-UTRAN Evolved-UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access Network FDD Frequency Division Duplex FPGAField Programmable Gate Arrays F1-C F1-Control plane F1-U F1-User planegNB next generation Node B HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest HDLHardware Description Languages IE Information Element IMSI InternationMobile Subscriber Identity IP Internet Protocol LCH Logical Channel LCIDLogical Channel Identifier LTE Long Term Evolution MAC Medium AccessControl MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service MCG Master CellGroup MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme MeNB Master evolved Node B MIBMaster Information Block MME Mobility Management Entity MN Master NodeNACK Negative Acknowledgement NAS Non-Access Stratum NG CP NextGeneration Control Plane NGC Next Generation Core NG-C NG-Control planeng-eNB next generation evolved Node B NG-U NG-User plane NR New Radio NRMAC New Radio MAC NR PDCP New Radio PDCP NR PHY New Radio PHYsical NRRLC New Radio RLC NR RRC New Radio RRC NSSAI Network Slice SelectionAssistance Information O&M Operation and Maintenance OFDM OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing PBCH Physical Broadcast CHannel PCCPrimary Component Carrier PCCH Paging Control CHannel PCell Primary CellPCH Paging CHannel PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel PDCP PacketData Convergence Protocol PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel PDUProtocol Data Unit PF Paging Frame PHICH Physical HARQ Indicator CHannelPHY PHYsical PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PMI Precoding MatrixIndicator PO Paging Occasion PRACH Physical Random Access CHannel PRBPhysical Resource Block P-RNTI Paging Radio Network Temporary IdentifierPSCell Primary Secondary Cell PSM Power Saving Mode PSS PrimarySynchronization Signal pTAG primary Timing Advance Group PT-RS PhaseTracking Reference Signal PUCCH Physical Uplink Control CHannel PUSCHPhysical Uplink Shared CHannel QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QCLedQuasi-Co-Located QCL Quasi-Co-Location QFI Quality of Service IndicatorQoS Quality of Service QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RA RandomAccess RACH Random Access CHannel RAN Radio Access Network RAT RadioAccess Technology RA-RNTI Random Access-Radio Network TemporaryIdentifier RB Resource Blocks RBG Resource Block Groups RI Rankindicator RLC Radio Link Control RLM Radio Link Monitoring RNTI RadioNetwork Temptorary Identifier RRC Radio Resource Control RS ReferenceSignal RSRP Reference Signal Received Power SCC Secondary ComponentCarrier SCell Secondary Cell SCG Secondary Cell Group SC-FDMA SingleCarrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access SDAP Service Data AdaptationProtocol SDU Service Data Unit SeNB Secondary evolved Node B SFN SystemFrame Number S-GW Serving GateWay SI System Information SIB SystemInformation Block SIM Subscriber Identity Module SINRSignal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio SMF Session Management FunctionSN Secondary Node SpCell Special Cell SR Scheduling Request SRBSignaling Radio Bearer SRS Sounding Reference Signal SS SynchronizationSignal SSB Synchronization Signal Block SSS Secondary SynchronizationSignal sTAG secondary Timing Advance Group S-TMSI Serving TemporaryMobile Subscriber Identity TA Timing Advance TAG Timing Advance GroupTAI Tracking Area Identifier TAT Time Alignment Timer TB Transport BlockTC-RNTI Temporary Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier TCITransmission Configuration Indication TDD Time Division Duplex TDMA TimeDivision Multiple Access TRP Transmission and Receiving Point TTITransmission Time Interval UCI Uplink Control Information UE UserEquipment UL Uplink UL-SCH Uplink Shared CHannel UPF User Plane FunctionUPGW User Plane Gateway URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency CommunicationVHDL VHSIC Hardware Description Language V2X Vehicle-to-Everything Xn-CXn-Control plane Xn-U Xn-User plane

Examples described herein may be implemented using various physicallayer modulation and transmission mechanisms. Example transmissionmechanisms may include, but are not limited to: Code Division MultipleAccess (CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA),Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Wavelet technologies, and/or thelike. Hybrid transmission mechanisms such as TDMA/CDMA, and/or OFDM/CDMAmay be used. Various modulation schemes may be used for signaltransmission in the physical layer. Examples of modulation schemesinclude, but are not limited to: phase, amplitude, code, a combinationof these, and/or the like. An example radio transmission method mayimplement Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) using Binary Phase ShiftKeying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16-QAM, 64-QAM,256-QAM, 1024-QAM and/or the like. Physical radio transmission may beenhanced by dynamically or semi-dynamically changing the modulation andcoding scheme, for example, depending on transmission requirementsand/or radio conditions.

FIG. 1 shows an example Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture. A RANnode may comprise a next generation Node B (gNB) (e.g., 120A, 120B)providing New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards a first wireless device (e.g., 110A). A RAN nodemay comprise a base station such as a next generation evolved Node B(ng-eNB) (e.g., 120C, 120D), providing Evolved UMTS Terrestrial RadioAccess (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminationstowards a second wireless device (e.g., 110B). A first wireless device110A may communicate with a base station, such as a gNB 120A, over a Uuinterface. A second wireless device 110B may communicate with a basestation, such as an ng-eNB 120D, over a Uu interface. The wirelessdevices 110A and/or 110B may be structurally similar to wireless devicesshown in and/or described in connection with other drawing figures. TheNode B 120A, the Node B 120B, the Node B 120C, and/or the Node B 120Dmay be structurally similar to Nodes B and/or base stations shown inand/or described in connection with other drawing figures.

A base station, such as a gNB (e.g., 120A, 120B, etc.) and/or an ng-eNB(e.g., 120C, 120D, etc.) may host functions such as radio resourcemanagement and scheduling, IP header compression, encryption andintegrity protection of data, selection of Access and MobilityManagement Function (AMF) at wireless device (e.g., User Equipment (UE))attachment, routing of user plane and control plane data, connectionsetup and release, scheduling and transmission of paging messages (e.g.,originated from the AMF), scheduling and transmission of systembroadcast information (e.g., originated from the AMF or Operation andMaintenance (O&M)), measurement and measurement reporting configuration,transport level packet marking in the uplink, session management,support of network slicing, Quality of Service (QoS) flow management andmapping to data radio bearers, support of wireless devices in aninactive state (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE state), distribution function forNon-Access Stratum (NAS) messages, RAN sharing, dual connectivity,and/or tight interworking between NR and E-UTRA.

One or more first base stations (e.g., gNBs 120A and 120B) and/or one ormore second base stations (e.g., ng-eNBs 120C and 120D) may beinterconnected with each other via Xn interface. A first base station(e.g., gNB 120A, 120B, etc.) or a second base station (e.g., ng-eNB120C, 120D, etc.) may be connected via NG interfaces to a network, suchas a 5G Core Network (5GC). A 5GC may comprise one or more AMF/User PlanFunction (UPF) functions (e.g., 130A and/or 130B). A base station (e.g.,a gNB and/or an ng-eNB) may be connected to a UPF via an NG-User plane(NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g.,non-guaranteed delivery) of user plane Protocol Data Units (PDUs)between a RAN node and the UPF. A base station (e.g., a gNB and/or anng-eNB) may be connected to an AMF via an NG-Control plane (NG-C)interface. The NG-C interface may provide functions such as NG interfacemanagement, wireless device (e.g., UE) context management, wirelessdevice (e.g., UE) mobility management, transport of NAS messages,paging, PDU session management, configuration transfer, and/or warningmessage transmission.

A UPF may host functions such as anchor point for intra-/inter-RadioAccess Technology (RAT) mobility (e.g., if applicable), external PDUsession point of interconnect to data network, packet routing andforwarding, packet inspection and user plane part of policy ruleenforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classifier to supportrouting traffic flows to a data network, branching point to supportmulti-homed PDU session, quality of service (QoS) handling for userplane, packet filtering, gating, Uplink (UL)/Downlink (DL) rateenforcement, uplink traffic verification (e.g., Service Data Flow (SDF)to QoS flow mapping), downlink packet buffering, and/or downlink datanotification triggering.

An AMF may host functions such as NAS signaling termination, NASsignaling security, Access Stratum (AS) security control, inter CoreNetwork (CN) node signaling (e.g., for mobility between 3rd GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) access networks), idle mode wireless devicereachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission),registration area management, support of intra-system and inter-systemmobility, access authentication, access authorization including check ofroaming rights, mobility management control (e.g., subscription and/orpolicies), support of network slicing, and/or Session ManagementFunction (SMF) selection.

FIG. 2A shows an example user plane protocol stack. A Service DataAdaptation Protocol (SDAP) (e.g., 211 and 221), Packet Data ConvergenceProtocol (PDCP) (e.g., 212 and 222), Radio Link Control (RLC) (e.g., 213and 223), and Medium Access Control (MAC) (e.g., 214 and 224) sublayers,and a Physical (PHY) (e.g., 215 and 225) layer, may be terminated in awireless device (e.g., 110) and in a base station (e.g., 120) on anetwork side. A PHY layer may provide transport services to higherlayers (e.g., MAC, RRC, etc.). Services and/or functions of a MACsublayer may comprise mapping between logical channels and transportchannels, multiplexing and/or demultiplexing of MAC Service Data Units(SDUs) belonging to the same or different logical channels into and/orfrom Transport Blocks (TBs) delivered to and/or from the PHY layer,scheduling information reporting, error correction through HybridAutomatic Repeat request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier forCarrier Aggregation (CA)), priority handling between wireless devicessuch as by using dynamic scheduling, priority handling between logicalchannels of a wireless device such as by using logical channelprioritization, and/or padding. A MAC entity may support one or multiplenumerologies and/or transmission timings. Mapping restrictions in alogical channel prioritization may control which numerology and/ortransmission timing a logical channel may use. An RLC sublayer maysupport transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and/oracknowledged mode (AM) transmission modes. The RLC configuration may beper logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and/orTransmission Time Interval (TTI) durations. Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ) may operate on any of the numerologies and/or TTI durations withwhich the logical channel is configured. Services and functions of thePDCP layer for the user plane may comprise, for example, sequencenumbering, header compression and decompression, transfer of user data,reordering and duplicate detection, PDCP PDU routing (e.g., such as forsplit bearers), retransmission of PDCP SDUs, ciphering, deciphering andintegrity protection, PDCP SDU discard, PDCP re-establishment and datarecovery for RLC AM, and/or duplication of PDCP PDUs. Services and/orfunctions of SDAP may comprise, for example, mapping between a QoS flowand a data radio bearer. Services and/or functions of SDAP may comprisemapping a Quality of Service Indicator (QFI) in DL and UL packets. Aprotocol entity of SDAP may be configured for an individual PDU session.

FIG. 2B shows an example control plane protocol stack. A PDCP (e.g., 233and 242), RLC (e.g., 234 and 243), and MAC (e.g., 235 and 244)sublayers, and a PHY (e.g., 236 and 245) layer, may be terminated in awireless device (e.g., 110), and in a base station (e.g., 120) on anetwork side, and perform service and/or functions described above. RRC(e.g., 232 and 241) may be terminated in a wireless device and a basestation on a network side. Services and/or functions of RRC may comprisebroadcast of system information related to AS and/or NAS; paging (e.g.,initiated by a 5GC or a RAN); establishment, maintenance, and/or releaseof an RRC connection between the wireless device and RAN; securityfunctions such as key management, establishment, configuration,maintenance, and/or release of Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and DataRadio Bearers (DRBs); mobility functions; QoS management functions;wireless device measurement reporting and control of the reporting;detection of and recovery from radio link failure; and/or NAS messagetransfer to/from NAS from/to a wireless device. NAS control protocol(e.g., 231 and 251) may be terminated in the wireless device and AMF(e.g., 130) on a network side. NAS control protocol may performfunctions such as authentication, mobility management between a wirelessdevice and an AMF (e.g., for 3GPP access and non-3GPP access), and/orsession management between a wireless device and an SMF (e.g., for 3GPPaccess and non-3GPP access).

A base station may configure a plurality of logical channels for awireless device. A logical channel of the plurality of logical channelsmay correspond to a radio bearer. The radio bearer may be associatedwith a QoS requirement. A base station may configure a logical channelto be mapped to one or more TTIs and/or numerologies in a plurality ofTTIs and/or numerologies. The wireless device may receive DownlinkControl Information (DCI) via a Physical Downlink Control CHannel(PDCCH) indicating an uplink grant. The uplink grant may be for a firstTTI and/or a first numerology and may indicate uplink resources fortransmission of a transport block. The base station may configure eachlogical channel in the plurality of logical channels with one or moreparameters to be used by a logical channel prioritization procedure atthe MAC layer of the wireless device. The one or more parameters maycomprise, for example, priority, prioritized bit rate, etc. A logicalchannel in the plurality of logical channels may correspond to one ormore buffers comprising data associated with the logical channel. Thelogical channel prioritization procedure may allocate the uplinkresources to one or more first logical channels in the plurality oflogical channels and/or to one or more MAC Control Elements (CEs). Theone or more first logical channels may be mapped to the first TTI and/orthe first numerology. The MAC layer at the wireless device may multiplexone or more MAC CEs and/or one or more MAC SDUs (e.g., logical channel)in a MAC PDU (e.g., transport block). The MAC PDU may comprise a MACheader comprising a plurality of MAC sub-headers. A MAC sub-header inthe plurality of MAC sub-headers may correspond to a MAC CE or a MAC SUD(e.g., logical channel) in the one or more MAC CEs and/or in the one ormore MAC SDUs. A MAC CE and/or a logical channel may be configured witha Logical Channel IDentifier (LCID). An LCID for a logical channeland/or a MAC CE may be fixed and/or pre-configured. An LCID for alogical channel and/or MAC CE may be configured for the wireless deviceby the base station. The MAC sub-header corresponding to a MAC CE and/ora MAC SDU may comprise an LCID associated with the MAC CE and/or the MACSDU.

A base station may activate, deactivate, and/or impact one or moreprocesses (e.g., set values of one or more parameters of the one or moreprocesses or start and/or stop one or more timers of the one or moreprocesses) at the wireless device, for example, by using one or more MACcommands. The one or more MAC commands may comprise one or more MACcontrol elements. The one or more processes may comprise activationand/or deactivation of PDCP packet duplication for one or more radiobearers. The base station may send (e.g., transmit) a MAC CE comprisingone or more fields. The values of the fields may indicate activationand/or deactivation of PDCP duplication for the one or more radiobearers. The one or more processes may comprise Channel StateInformation (CSI) transmission of on one or more cells. The base stationmay send (e.g., transmit) one or more MAC CEs indicating activationand/or deactivation of the CSI transmission on the one or more cells.The one or more processes may comprise activation and/or deactivation ofone or more secondary cells. The base station may send (e.g., transmit)a MAC CE indicating activation and/or deactivation of one or moresecondary cells. The base station may send (e.g., transmit) one or moreMAC CEs indicating starting and/or stopping of one or more DiscontinuousReception (DRX) timers at the wireless device. The base station may send(e.g., transmit) one or more MAC CEs that indicate one or more timingadvance values for one or more Timing Advance Groups (TAGs).

FIG. 3 shows an example of base stations (base station 1, 120A, and basestation 2, 120B) and a wireless device 110. The wireless device 110 maycomprise a UE or any other wireless device. The base station (e.g.,120A, 120B) may comprise a Node B, eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, one or moretransmission and reception points (TRPs), or any other base station. Awireless device and/or a base station may perform one or more functionsof a relay node. The base station 1, 120A, may comprise at least onecommunication interface 320A (e.g., a wireless modem, an antenna, awired modem, and/or the like), at least one processor 321A, and at leastone set of program code instructions 323A that may be stored innon-transitory memory 322A and executable by the at least one processor321A. The base station 2, 120B, may comprise at least one communicationinterface 320B, at least one processor 321B, and at least one set ofprogram code instructions 323B that may be stored in non-transitorymemory 322B and executable by the at least one processor 321B.

A base station may comprise any quantity/number of sectors, for example:1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 sectors. A base station may comprise anyquantity/number of transmission and reception points (TRPs) (e.g., twoTRPs, or any quantity of TRPs). A base station may comprise anyquantity/number of cells, for example, ranging from 1 to 50 cells ormore. A cell may be categorized, for example, as a primary cell orsecondary cell. At Radio Resource Control (RRC) connectionestablishment, re-establishment, handover, etc., a serving cell mayprovide NAS (non-access stratum) mobility information (e.g., TrackingArea Identifier (TAI)). At RRC connection re-establishment and/orhandover, a serving cell may provide security input. This serving cellmay be referred to as the Primary Cell (PCell). In the downlink, acarrier corresponding to the PCell may be a DL Primary Component Carrier(PCC). In the uplink, a carrier may be an UL PCC. Secondary Cells(SCells) may be configured to form together with a PCell a set ofserving cells, for example, depending on wireless device capabilities.In a downlink, a carrier corresponding to an SCell may be a downlinksecondary component carrier (DL SCC). In an uplink, a carrier may be anuplink secondary component carrier (UL SCC). An SCell may or may nothave an uplink carrier.

A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier,may be assigned a physical cell ID and/or a cell index. A carrier(downlink and/or uplink) may belong to one cell. The cell ID and/or cellindex may identify the downlink carrier and/or uplink carrier of thecell (e.g., depending on the context it is used). A cell ID may beequally referred to as a carrier ID, and a cell index may be referred toas a carrier index. A physical cell ID and/or a cell index may beassigned to a cell. A cell ID may be determined using a synchronizationsignal transmitted via a downlink carrier. A cell index may bedetermined using RRC messages. A first physical cell ID for a firstdownlink carrier may indicate that the first physical cell ID is for acell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same concept may beused, for example, with carrier activation and/or deactivation (e.g.,secondary cell activation and/or deactivation). A first carrier that isactivated may indicate that a cell comprising the first carrier isactivated.

A base station may send (e.g., transmit) to a wireless device one ormore messages (e.g., RRC messages) comprising a plurality ofconfiguration parameters for one or more cells. One or more cells maycomprise at least one primary cell and at least one secondary cell. AnRRC message may be broadcasted and/or unicasted to the wireless device.Configuration parameters may comprise common parameters and dedicatedparameters.

Services and/or functions of an RRC sublayer may comprise at least oneof: broadcast of system information related to AS and/or NAS; paginginitiated by a 5GC and/or an NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance, and/orrelease of an RRC connection between a wireless device and an NG-RAN,which may comprise at least one of addition, modification, and/orrelease of carrier aggregation; and/or addition, modification, and/orrelease of dual connectivity in NR or between E-UTRA and NR. Servicesand/or functions of an RRC sublayer may comprise at least one ofsecurity functions comprising key management; establishment,configuration, maintenance, and/or release of Signaling Radio Bearers(SRBs) and/or Data Radio Bearers (DRBs); mobility functions which maycomprise at least one of a handover (e.g., intra NR mobility orinter-RAT mobility) and/or a context transfer; and/or a wireless devicecell selection and/or reselection and/or control of cell selection andreselection. Services and/or functions of an RRC sublayer may compriseat least one of QoS management functions; a wireless device measurementconfiguration/reporting; detection of and/or recovery from radio linkfailure; and/or NAS message transfer to and/or from a core networkentity (e.g., AMF, Mobility Management Entity (MME)) from and/or to thewireless device.

An RRC sublayer may support an RRC_Idle state, an RRC_Inactive state,and/or an RRC_Connected state for a wireless device. In an RRC_Idlestate, a wireless device may perform at least one of: Public Land MobileNetwork (PLMN) selection; receiving broadcasted system information; cellselection and/or re-selection; monitoring and/or receiving a paging formobile terminated data initiated by 5GC; paging for mobile terminateddata area managed by 5GC; and/or DRX for CN paging configured via NAS.In an RRC_Inactive state, a wireless device may perform at least one of:receiving broadcasted system information; cell selection and/orre-selection; monitoring and/or receiving a RAN and/or CN paginginitiated by an NG-RAN and/or a 5GC; RAN-based notification area (RNA)managed by an NG-RAN; and/or DRX for a RAN and/or CN paging configuredby NG-RAN/NAS. In an RRC_Idle state of a wireless device, a base station(e.g., NG-RAN) may keep a 5GC-NG-RAN connection (e.g., both C/U-planes)for the wireless device; and/or store a wireless device AS context forthe wireless device. In an RRC_Connected state of a wireless device, abase station (e.g., NG-RAN) may perform at least one of: establishmentof 5GC-NG-RAN connection (both C/U-planes) for the wireless device;storing a UE AS context for the wireless device; send (e.g., transmit)and/or receive of unicast data to and/or from the wireless device;and/or network-controlled mobility based on measurement results receivedfrom the wireless device. In an RRC_Connected state of a wirelessdevice, an NG-RAN may know a cell to which the wireless device belongs.

System information (SI) may be divided into minimum SI and other SI. Theminimum SI may be periodically broadcast. The minimum SI may comprisebasic information required for initial access and/or information foracquiring any other SI broadcast periodically and/or provisionedon-demand (e.g., scheduling information). The other SI may either bebroadcast, and/or be provisioned in a dedicated manner, such as eithertriggered by a network and/or upon request from a wireless device. Aminimum SI may be transmitted via two different downlink channels usingdifferent messages (e.g., MasterinformationBlock andSystemInformationBlockType1). Another SI may be transmitted viaSystemInformationBlockType2. For a wireless device in an RRC_Connectedstate, dedicated RRC signaling may be used for the request and deliveryof the other SI. For the wireless device in the RRC_Idle state and/or inthe RRC_Inactive state, the request may trigger a random accessprocedure.

A wireless device may report its radio access capability information,which may be static. A base station may request one or more indicationsof capabilities for a wireless device to report based on bandinformation. A temporary capability restriction request may be sent bythe wireless device (e.g., if allowed by a network) to signal thelimited availability of some capabilities (e.g., due to hardwaresharing, interference, and/or overheating) to the base station. The basestation may confirm or reject the request. The temporary capabilityrestriction may be transparent to 5GC (e.g., only static capabilitiesmay be stored in 5GC).

A wireless device may have an RRC connection with a network, forexample, if CA is configured. At RRC connection establishment,re-establishment, and/or handover procedures, a serving cell may provideNAS mobility information. At RRC connection re-establishment and/orhandover, a serving cell may provide a security input. This serving cellmay be referred to as the PCell. SCells may be configured to formtogether with the PCell a set of serving cells, for example, dependingon the capabilities of the wireless device. The configured set ofserving cells for the wireless device may comprise a PCell and one ormore SCells.

The reconfiguration, addition, and/or removal of SCells may be performedby RRC messaging. At intra-NR handover, RRC may add, remove, and/orreconfigure SCells for usage with the target PCell. Dedicated RRCsignaling may be used (e.g., if adding a new SCell) to send all requiredsystem information of the SCell (e.g., if in connected mode, wirelessdevices may not acquire broadcasted system information directly from theSCells).

The purpose of an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure may be tomodify an RRC connection, (e.g., to establish, modify, and/or releaseRBs; to perform handover; to setup, modify, and/or release measurements,for example, to add, modify, and/or release SCells and cell groups). NASdedicated information may be transferred from the network to thewireless device, for example, as part of the RRC connectionreconfiguration procedure. The RRCConnectionReconfiguration message maybe a command to modify an RRC connection. One or more RRC messages mayconvey information for measurement configuration, mobility control,and/or radio resource configuration (e.g., RBs, MAC main configuration,and/or physical channel configuration), which may comprise anyassociated dedicated NAS information and/or security configuration. Thewireless device may perform an SCell release, for example, if thereceived RRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes thesCellToReleaseList. The wireless device may perform SCell additions ormodification, for example, if the received RRC ConnectionReconfiguration message includes the sCellToAddModList.

An RRC connection establishment, reestablishment, and/or resumeprocedure may be to establish, reestablish, and/or resume an RRCconnection, respectively. An RRC connection establishment procedure maycomprise SRB1 establishment. The RRC connection establishment proceduremay be used to transfer the initial NAS dedicated information and/ormessage from a wireless device to an E-UTRAN. TheRRCConnectionReestablishment message may be used to re-establish SRB1.

A measurement report procedure may be used to transfer measurementresults from a wireless device to an NG-RAN. The wireless device mayinitiate a measurement report procedure, for example, after successfulsecurity activation. A measurement report message may be used to send(e.g., transmit) measurement results.

The wireless device 110 may comprise at least one communicationinterface 310 (e.g., a wireless modem, an antenna, and/or the like), atleast one processor 314, and at least one set of program codeinstructions 316 that may be stored in non-transitory memory 315 andexecutable by the at least one processor 314. The wireless device 110may further comprise at least one of at least one speaker and/ormicrophone 311, at least one keypad 312, at least one display and/ortouchpad 313, at least one power source 317, at least one globalpositioning system (GPS) chipset 318, and/or other peripherals 319.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110, the processor 321A of thebase station 1 120A, and/or the processor 321B of the base station 2120B may comprise at least one of a general-purpose processor, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), a controller, a microcontroller, an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array(FPGA) and/or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and/ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, and/or the like. Theprocessor 314 of the wireless device 110, the processor 321A in basestation 1 120A, and/or the processor 321B in base station 2 120B mayperform at least one of signal coding and/or processing, dataprocessing, power control, input/output processing, and/or any otherfunctionality that may enable the wireless device 110, the base station1 120A and/or the base station 2 120B to operate in a wirelessenvironment.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110 may be connected to and/orin communication with the speaker and/or microphone 311, the keypad 312,and/or the display and/or touchpad 313. The processor 314 may receiveuser input data from and/or provide user output data to the speakerand/or microphone 311, the keypad 312, and/or the display and/ortouchpad 313. The processor 314 in the wireless device 110 may receivepower from the power source 317 and/or may be configured to distributethe power to the other components in the wireless device 110. The powersource 317 may comprise at least one of one or more dry cell batteries,solar cells, fuel cells, and/or the like. The processor 314 may beconnected to the GPS chipset 318. The GPS chipset 318 may be configuredto provide geographic location information of the wireless device 110.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110 may further be connected toand/or in communication with other peripherals 319, which may compriseone or more software and/or hardware modules that may provide additionalfeatures and/or functionalities. For example, the peripherals 319 maycomprise at least one of an accelerometer, a satellite transceiver, adigital camera, a universal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset,a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internetbrowser, and/or the like.

The communication interface 320A of the base station 1, 120A, and/or thecommunication interface 320B of the base station 2, 120B, may beconfigured to communicate with the communication interface 310 of thewireless device 110, for example, via a wireless link 330A and/or via awireless link 330B, respectively. The communication interface 320A ofthe base station 1, 120A, may communicate with the communicationinterface 320B of the base station 2 and/or other RAN and/or corenetwork nodes.

The wireless link 330A and/or the wireless link 330B may comprise atleast one of a bi-directional link and/or a directional link. Thecommunication interface 310 of the wireless device 110 may be configuredto communicate with the communication interface 320A of the base station1 120A and/or with the communication interface 320B of the base station2 120B. The base station 1 120A and the wireless device 110, and/or thebase station 2 120B and the wireless device 110, may be configured tosend and receive transport blocks, for example, via the wireless link330A and/or via the wireless link 330B, respectively. The wireless link330A and/or the wireless link 330B may use at least one frequencycarrier. Transceiver(s) may be used. A transceiver may be a device thatcomprises both a transmitter and a receiver. Transceivers may be used indevices such as wireless devices, base stations, relay nodes, computingdevices, and/or the like. Radio technology may be implemented in thecommunication interface 310, 320A, and/or 320B, and the wireless link330A and/or 330B. The radio technology may comprise one or more elementsshown in FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, FIG. 4D, FIG. 6, FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B,FIG. 8, and associated text, described below.

Other nodes in a wireless network (e.g., AMF, UPF, SMF, etc.) maycomprise one or more communication interfaces, one or more processors,and memory storing instructions. A node (e.g., wireless device, basestation, AMF, SMF, UPF, servers, switches, antennas, and/or the like)may comprise one or more processors, and memory storing instructionsthat when executed by the one or more processors causes the node toperform certain processes and/or functions. Single-carrier and/ormulti-carrier communication operation may be performed. A non-transitorytangible computer readable media may comprise instructions executable byone or more processors to cause operation of single-carrier and/ormulti-carrier communications. An article of manufacture may comprise anon-transitory tangible computer readable machine-accessible mediumhaving instructions encoded thereon for enabling programmable hardwareto cause a node to enable operation of single-carrier and/ormulti-carrier communications. The node may include processors, memory,interfaces, and/or the like.

An interface may comprise at least one of a hardware interface, afirmware interface, a software interface, and/or a combination thereof.The hardware interface may comprise connectors, wires, and/or electronicdevices such as drivers, amplifiers, and/or the like. The softwareinterface may comprise code stored in a memory device to implementprotocol(s), protocol layers, communication drivers, device drivers,combinations thereof, and/or the like. The firmware interface maycomprise a combination of embedded hardware and/or code stored in(and/or in communication with) a memory device to implement connections,electronic device operations, protocol(s), protocol layers,communication drivers, device drivers, hardware operations, combinationsthereof, and/or the like.

A communication network may comprise the wireless device 110, the basestation 1, 120A, the base station 2, 120B, and/or any other device. Thecommunication network may comprise any quantity/number and/or type ofdevices, such as, for example, computing devices, wireless devices,mobile devices, handsets, tablets, laptops, internet of things (IoT)devices, hotspots, cellular repeaters, computing devices, and/or, moregenerally, user equipment (e.g., UE). Although one or more of the abovetypes of devices may be referenced herein (e.g., UE, wireless device,computing device, etc.), it should be understood that any device hereinmay comprise any one or more of the above types of devices or similardevices. The communication network, and any other network referencedherein, may comprise an LTE network, a 5G network, or any other networkfor wireless communications. Apparatuses, systems, and/or methodsdescribed herein may generally be described as implemented on one ormore devices (e.g., wireless device, base station, eNB, gNB, computingdevice, etc.), in one or more networks, but it will be understood thatone or more features and steps may be implemented on any device and/orin any network. As used throughout, the term “base station” may compriseone or more of: a base station, a node, a Node B, a gNB, an eNB, anng-eNB, a relay node (e.g., an integrated access and backhaul (IAB)node), a donor node (e.g., a donor eNB, a donor gNB, etc.), an accesspoint (e.g., a WiFi access point), a computing device, a device capableof wirelessly communicating, or any other device capable of sendingand/or receiving signals. As used throughout, the term “wireless device”may comprise one or more of: a UE, a handset, a mobile device, acomputing device, a node, a device capable of wirelessly communicating,or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving signals. Anyreference to one or more of these terms/devices also considers use ofany other term/device mentioned above.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D show examples of uplink anddownlink signal transmission. FIG. 4A shows an example uplinktransmitter for at least one physical channel A baseband signalrepresenting a physical uplink shared channel may perform one or morefunctions. The one or more functions may comprise at least one of:scrambling (e.g., by Scrambling); modulation of scrambled bits togenerate complex-valued symbols (e.g., by a Modulation mapper); mappingof the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or severaltransmission layers (e.g., by a Layer mapper); transform precoding togenerate complex-valued symbols (e.g., by a Transform precoder);precoding of the complex-valued symbols (e.g., by a Precoder); mappingof precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements (e.g., by aResource element mapper); generation of complex-valued time-domainSingle Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDMsignal for an antenna port (e.g., by a signal gen.); and/or the like. ASC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission may be generated, for example, iftransform precoding is enabled. A CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmissionmay be generated by FIG. 4A, for example, if transform precoding is notenabled. These functions are shown as examples and other mechanisms maybe implemented.

FIG. 4B shows an example of modulation and up-conversion to the carrierfrequency of a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal for anantenna port and/or for the complex-valued Physical Random AccessCHannel (PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering may be performed prior totransmission.

FIG. 4C shows an example of downlink transmissions. The baseband signalrepresenting a downlink physical channel may perform one or morefunctions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling of codedbits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel (e.g., byScrambling); modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valuedmodulation symbols (e.g., by a Modulation mapper); mapping of thecomplex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmissionlayers (e.g., by a Layer mapper); precoding of the complex-valuedmodulation symbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports(e.g., by Precoding); mapping of complex-valued modulation symbols foran antenna port to resource elements (e.g., by a Resource elementmapper); generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for anantenna port (e.g., by an OFDM signal gen.); and/or the like. Thesefunctions are shown as examples and other mechanisms may be implemented.

A base station may send (e.g., transmit) a first symbol and a secondsymbol on an antenna port, to a wireless device. The wireless device mayinfer the channel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, etc.) forconveying the second symbol on the antenna port, from the channel forconveying the first symbol on the antenna port. A first antenna port anda second antenna port may be quasi co-located, for example, if one ormore large-scale properties of the channel over which a first symbol onthe first antenna port is conveyed may be inferred from the channel overwhich a second symbol on a second antenna port is conveyed. The one ormore large-scale properties may comprise at least one of: delay spread;Doppler spread; Doppler shift; average gain; average delay; and/orspatial receiving (Rx) parameters.

FIG. 4D shows an example modulation and up-conversion to the carrierfrequency of the complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antennaport. Filtering may be performed prior to transmission.

FIG. 5A shows example uplink channel mapping and example uplink physicalsignals. A physical layer may provide one or more information transferservices to a MAC and/or one or more higher layers. The physical layermay provide the one or more information transfer services to the MAC viaone or more transport channels. An information transfer service mayindicate how and/or with what characteristics data is transferred overthe radio interface.

Uplink transport channels may comprise an Uplink-Shared CHannel (UL-SCH)501 and/or a Random Access CHannel (RACH) 502. A wireless device maysend (e.g., transmit) one or more uplink DM-RSs 506 to a base stationfor channel estimation, for example, for coherent demodulation of one ormore uplink physical channels (e.g., PUSCH 503 and/or PUCCH 504). Thewireless device may send (e.g., transmit) to a base station at least oneuplink DM-RS 506 with PUSCH 503 and/or PUCCH 504, wherein the at leastone uplink DM-RS 506 may be spanning a same frequency range as acorresponding physical channel. The base station may configure thewireless device with one or more uplink DM-RS configurations. At leastone DM-RS configuration may support a front-loaded DM-RS pattern. Afront-loaded DM-RS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., 1or 2 adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more additional uplink DM-RS may beconfigured to send (e.g., transmit) at one or more symbols of a PUSCHand/or PUCCH. The base station may semi-statically configure thewireless device with a maximum quantity/number of front-loaded DM-RSsymbols for PUSCH and/or PUCCH. The wireless device may schedule asingle-symbol DM-RS and/or double symbol DM-RS based on a maximumquantity/number of front-loaded DM-RS symbols, wherein the base stationmay configure the wireless device with one or more additional uplinkDM-RS for PUSCH and/or PUCCH. A new radio network may support, forexample, at least for CP-OFDM, a common DM-RS structure for DL and UL,wherein a DM-RS location, DM-RS pattern, and/or scrambling sequence maybe same or different.

Whether or not an uplink PT-RS 507 is present may depend on an RRCconfiguration. A presence of the uplink PT-RS may be wirelessdevice-specifically configured. A presence and/or a pattern of theuplink PT-RS 507 in a scheduled resource may be wirelessdevice-specifically configured by a combination of RRC signaling and/orassociation with one or more parameters used for other purposes (e.g.,Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)) which may be indicated by DCI. Ifconfigured, a dynamic presence of uplink PT-RS 507 may be associatedwith one or more DCI parameters comprising at least a MCS. A radionetwork may support a plurality of uplink PT-RS densities defined intime/frequency domain. If present, a frequency domain density may beassociated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. Awireless device may assume a same precoding for a DM-RS port and a PT-RSport. A quantity/number of PT-RS ports may be less than aquantity/number of DM-RS ports in a scheduled resource. The uplink PT-RS507 may be confined in the scheduled time/frequency duration for awireless device.

A wireless device may send (e.g., transmit) an SRS 508 to a base stationfor channel state estimation, for example, to support uplink channeldependent scheduling and/or link adaptation. The SRS 508 sent (e.g.,transmitted) by the wireless device may allow for the base station toestimate an uplink channel state at one or more different frequencies. Abase station scheduler may use an uplink channel state to assign one ormore resource blocks of a certain quality (e.g., above a qualitythreshold) for an uplink PUSCH transmission from the wireless device.The base station may semi-statically configure the wireless device withone or more SRS resource sets. For an SRS resource set, the base stationmay configure the wireless device with one or more SRS resources. An SRSresource set applicability may be configured by a higher layer (e.g.,RRC) parameter. An SRS resource in each of one or more SRS resource setsmay be sent (e.g., transmitted) at a time instant, for example, if ahigher layer parameter indicates beam management. The wireless devicemay send (e.g., transmit) one or more SRS resources in different SRSresource sets simultaneously. A new radio network may support aperiodic,periodic, and/or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. The wireless devicemay send (e.g., transmit) SRS resources, for example, based on one ormore trigger types. The one or more trigger types may comprise higherlayer signaling (e.g., RRC) and/or one or more DCI formats (e.g., atleast one DCI format may be used for a wireless device to select atleast one of one or more configured SRS resource sets). An SRS triggertype 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on a higher layer signaling.An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRS triggered based on one or moreDCI formats. The wireless device may be configured to send (e.g.,transmit) the SRS 508 after a transmission of PUSCH 503 andcorresponding uplink DM-RS 506, for example, if PUSCH 503 and the SRS508 are transmitted in a same slot.

A base station may semi-statically configure a wireless device with oneor more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one offollowing: an SRS resource configuration identifier, a quantity/numberof SRS ports, time domain behavior of SRS resource configuration (e.g.,an indication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS), slot(mini-slot, and/or subframe) level periodicity and/or offset for aperiodic and/or aperiodic SRS resource, a quantity/number of OFDMsymbols in a SRS resource, starting OFDM symbol of a SRS resource, anSRS bandwidth, a frequency hopping bandwidth, a cyclic shift, and/or anSRS sequence ID.

FIG. 5B shows an example downlink channel mapping and downlink physicalsignals. Downlink transport channels may comprise a Downlink-SharedCHannel (DL-SCH) 511, a Paging CHannel (PCH) 512, and/or a BroadcastCHannel (BCH) 513. A transport channel may be mapped to one or morecorresponding physical channels. A UL-SCH 501 may be mapped to aPhysical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) 503. A RACH 502 may be mapped toa PRACH 505. A DL-SCH 511 and a PCH 512 may be mapped to a PhysicalDownlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) 514. A BCH 513 may be mapped to aPhysical Broadcast CHannel (PBCH) 516.

A radio network may comprise one or more downlink and/or uplinktransport channels. The radio network may comprise one or more physicalchannels without a corresponding transport channel. The one or morephysical channels may be used for an Uplink Control Information (UCI)509 and/or a Downlink Control Information (DCI) 517. A Physical UplinkControl CHannel (PUCCH) 504 may carry UCI 509 from a wireless device toa base station. A Physical Downlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) 515 maycarry the DCI 517 from a base station to a wireless device. The radionetwork (e.g., NR) may support the UCI 509 multiplexing in the PUSCH503, for example, if the UCI 509 and the PUSCH 503 transmissions maycoincide in a slot (e.g., at least in part). The UCI 509 may comprise atleast one of a CSI, an Acknowledgement (ACK)/Negative Acknowledgement(NACK), and/or a scheduling request. The DCI 517 via the PDCCH 515 mayindicate at least one of following: one or more downlink assignmentsand/or one or more uplink scheduling grants.

In uplink, a wireless device may send (e.g., transmit) one or moreReference Signals (RSs) to a base station. The one or more RSs maycomprise at least one of a Demodulation-RS (DM-RS) 506, a PhaseTracking-RS (PT-RS) 507, and/or a Sounding RS (SRS) 508. In downlink, abase station may send (e.g., transmit, unicast, multicast, and/orbroadcast) one or more RSs to a wireless device. The one or more RSs maycomprise at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal(PSS)/Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 521, a CSI-RS 522, a DM-RS523, and/or a PT-RS 524.

In a time domain, an SSB/PBCH may comprise one or more OFDM symbols(e.g., 4 OFDM symbols numbered in increasing order from 0 to 3) withinthe SSB/PBCH. An SSB/PBCH may comprise the PSS/SSS 521 and/or the PBCH516. In the frequency domain, an SSB/PBCH may comprise one or morecontiguous subcarriers (e.g., 240 contiguous subcarriers with thesubcarriers numbered in increasing order from 0 to 239) within theSSB/PBCH. The PSS/SSS 521 may occupy, for example, 1 OFDM symbol and 127subcarriers. The PBCH 516 may span across, for example, 3 OFDM symbolsand 240 subcarriers. A wireless device may assume that one or moreSSB/PBCH transmitted with a same block index may be quasi co-located,for example, with respect to Doppler spread, Doppler shift, averagegain, average delay, and/or spatial Rx parameters. A wireless device maynot assume quasi co-location for other SSB/PBCH transmissions. Aperiodicity of an SSB/PBCH may be configured by a radio network (e.g.,by an RRC signaling). One or more time locations in which the SS/PBCHblock may be sent may be determined by sub-carrier spacing. A wirelessdevice may assume a band-specific sub-carrier spacing for an SSB/PBCH,for example, unless a radio network has configured the wireless deviceto assume a different sub-carrier spacing.

The downlink CSI-RS 522 may be used for a wireless device to acquirechannel state information. A radio network may support periodic,aperiodic, and/or semi-persistent transmission of the downlink CSI-RS522. A base station may semi-statically configure and/or reconfigure awireless device with periodic transmission of the downlink CSI-RS 522. Aconfigured CSI-RS resources may be activated and/or deactivated. Forsemi-persistent transmission, an activation and/or deactivation of aCSI-RS resource may be triggered dynamically. A CSI-RS configuration maycomprise one or more parameters indicating at least a quantity/number ofantenna ports. A base station may configure a wireless device with 32ports, or any other quantity/number of ports. A base station maysemi-statically configure a wireless device with one or more CSI-RSresource sets. One or more CSI-RS resources may be allocated from one ormore CSI-RS resource sets to one or more wireless devices. A basestation may semi-statically configure one or more parameters indicatingCSI RS resource mapping, for example, time-domain location of one ormore CSI-RS resources, a bandwidth of a CSI-RS resource, and/or aperiodicity. A wireless device may be configured to use the same OFDMsymbols for the downlink CSI-RS 522 and the Control Resource Set(CORESET), for example, if the downlink CSI-RS 522 and the CORESET arespatially quasi co-located and resource elements associated with thedownlink CSI-RS 522 are the outside of PRBs configured for the CORESET.A wireless device may be configured to use the same OFDM symbols fordownlink CSI-RS 522 and SSB/PBCH, for example, if the downlink CSI-RS522 and SSB/PBCH are spatially quasi co-located and resource elementsassociated with the downlink CSI-RS 522 are outside of the PRBsconfigured for the SSB/PBCH.

A wireless device may send (e.g., transmit) one or more downlink DM-RSs523 to a base station for channel estimation, for example, for coherentdemodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH514). A radio network may support one or more variable and/orconfigurable DM-RS patterns for data demodulation. At least one downlinkDM-RS configuration may support a front-loaded DM-RS pattern. Afront-loaded DM-RS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., 1or 2 adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-staticallyconfigure a wireless device with a maximum quantity/number offront-loaded DM-RS symbols for PDSCH 514. A DM-RS configuration maysupport one or more DM-RS ports. A DM-RS configuration may support atleast 8 orthogonal downlink DM-RS ports, for example, for singleuser-MIMO. ADM-RS configuration may support 12 orthogonal downlink DM-RSports, for example, for multiuser-MIMO. A radio network may support, forexample, at least for CP-OFDM, a common DM-RS structure for DL and UL,wherein a DM-RS location, DM-RS pattern, and/or scrambling sequence maybe the same or different.

Whether or not the downlink PT-RS 524 is present may depend on an RRCconfiguration. A presence of the downlink PT-RS 524 may be wirelessdevice-specifically configured. A presence and/or a pattern of thedownlink PT-RS 524 in a scheduled resource may be wirelessdevice-specifically configured, for example, by a combination of RRCsignaling and/or an association with one or more parameters used forother purposes (e.g., MCS) which may be indicated by the DCI. Ifconfigured, a dynamic presence of the downlink PT-RS 524 may beassociated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. Aradio network may support a plurality of PT-RS densities in atime/frequency domain. If present, a frequency domain density may beassociated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. Awireless device may assume the same precoding for a DM-RS port and aPT-RS port. A quantity/number of PT-RS ports may be less than aquantity/number of DM-RS ports in a scheduled resource. The downlinkPT-RS 524 may be confined in the scheduled time/frequency duration for awireless device.

FIG. 6 shows an example transmission time and reception time, as well asan example frame structure, for a carrier. A multicarrier OFDMcommunication system may include one or more carriers, for example,ranging from 1 to 32 carriers (such as for carrier aggregation) orranging from 1 to 64 carriers (such as for dual connectivity). Differentradio frame structures may be supported (e.g., for FDD and/or for TDDduplex mechanisms). FIG. 6 shows an example frame timing. Downlink anduplink transmissions may be organized into radio frames 601. Radio frameduration may be 10 milliseconds (ms). A 10 ms radio frame 601 may bedivided into ten equally sized subframes 602, each with a 1 ms duration.Subframe(s) may comprise one or more slots (e.g., slots 603 and 605)depending on subcarrier spacing and/or CP length. For example, asubframe with 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz and 480 kHzsubcarrier spacing may comprise one, two, four, eight, sixteen andthirty-two slots, respectively. In FIG. 6, a subframe may be dividedinto two equally sized slots 603 with 0.5 ms duration. For example, 10subframes may be available for downlink transmission and 10 subframesmay be available for uplink transmissions in a 10 ms interval. Othersubframe durations such as, for example, 0.5 ms, 1 ms, 2 ms, and 5 msmay be supported. Uplink and downlink transmissions may be separated inthe frequency domain. Slot(s) may include a plurality of OFDM symbols604. The quantity/number of OFDM symbols 604 in a slot 605 may depend onthe cyclic prefix length. A slot may be 14 OFDM symbols for the samesubcarrier spacing of up to 480 kHz with normal CP. A slot may be 12OFDM symbols for the same subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz with extended CP.A slot may comprise downlink, uplink, and/or a downlink part and anuplink part, and/or alike.

FIG. 7A shows example sets of OFDM subcarriers. A base station maycommunicate with a wireless device using a carrier having an examplechannel bandwidth 700. Arrow(s) in the example may depict a subcarrierin a multicarrier OFDM system. The OFDM system may use technology suchas OFDM technology, SC-FDMA technology, and/or the like. An arrow 701shows a subcarrier transmitting information symbols. A subcarrierspacing 702, between two contiguous subcarriers in a carrier, may be anyone of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz, or any other frequency.Different subcarrier spacing may correspond to different transmissionnumerologies. A transmission numerology may comprise at least: anumerology index; a value of subcarrier spacing; and/or a type of cyclicprefix (CP). A base station may send (e.g., transmit) to and/or receivefrom a wireless device via a quantity/number of subcarriers 703 in acarrier. A bandwidth occupied by a quantity/number of subcarriers 703(e.g., transmission bandwidth) may be smaller than the channel bandwidth700 of a carrier, for example, due to guard bands 704 and 705. Guardbands 704 and 705 may be used to reduce interference to and from one ormore neighbor carriers. A quantity/number of subcarriers (e.g.,transmission bandwidth) in a carrier may depend on the channel bandwidthof the carrier and/or the subcarrier spacing. A transmission bandwidth,for a carrier with a 20 MHz channel bandwidth and a 15 kHz subcarrierspacing, may be in quantity/number of 1024 subcarriers.

A base station and a wireless device may communicate with multiplecomponent carriers (CCs), for example, if configured with CA. Differentcomponent carriers may have different bandwidth and/or differentsubcarrier spacing, for example, if CA is supported. A base station maysend (e.g., transmit) a first type of service to a wireless device via afirst component carrier. The base station may send (e.g., transmit) asecond type of service to the wireless device via a second componentcarrier. Different types of services may have different servicerequirements (e.g., data rate, latency, reliability), which may besuitable for transmission via different component carriers havingdifferent subcarrier spacing and/or different bandwidth.

FIG. 7B shows examples of component carriers. A first component carriermay comprise a first quantity/number of subcarriers 706 having a firstsubcarrier spacing 709. A second component carrier may comprise a secondquantity/number of subcarriers 707 having a second subcarrier spacing710. A third component carrier may comprise a third quantity/number ofsubcarriers 708 having a third subcarrier spacing 711. Carriers in amulticarrier OFDM communication system may be contiguous carriers,non-contiguous carriers, or a combination of both contiguous andnon-contiguous carriers.

FIG. 8 shows an example of OFDM radio resources. A carrier may have atransmission bandwidth 801. A resource grid may be in a structure offrequency domain 802 and time domain 803. A resource grid may comprise afirst quantity/number of OFDM symbols in a subframe and a secondquantity/number of resource blocks, starting from a common resourceblock indicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling), for atransmission numerology and a carrier. In a resource grid, a resourceelement 805 may comprise a resource unit that may be identified by asubcarrier index and a symbol index. A subframe may comprise a firstquantity/number of OFDM symbols 807 that may depend on a numerologyassociated with a carrier. A subframe may have 14 OFDM symbols for acarrier, for example, if a subcarrier spacing of a numerology of acarrier is 15 kHz. A subframe may have 28 OFDM symbols, for example, ifa subcarrier spacing of a numerology is 30 kHz. A subframe may have 56OFDM symbols, for example, if a subcarrier spacing of a numerology is 60kHz. A subcarrier spacing of a numerology may comprise any otherfrequency. A second quantity/number of resource blocks comprised in aresource grid of a carrier may depend on a bandwidth and a numerology ofthe carrier.

A resource block 806 may comprise 12 subcarriers. Multiple resourceblocks may be grouped into a Resource Block Group (RBG) 804. A size of aRBG may depend on at least one of: a RRC message indicating a RBG sizeconfiguration; a size of a carrier bandwidth; and/or a size of abandwidth part of a carrier. A carrier may comprise multiple bandwidthparts. A first bandwidth part of a carrier may have a differentfrequency location and/or a different bandwidth from a second bandwidthpart of the carrier.

A base station may send (e.g., transmit), to a wireless device, adownlink control information comprising a downlink or uplink resourceblock assignment. A base station may send (e.g., transmit) to and/orreceive from, a wireless device, data packets (e.g., transport blocks).The data packets may be scheduled on and transmitted via one or moreresource blocks and one or more slots indicated by parameters indownlink control information and/or RRC message(s). A starting symbolrelative to a first slot of the one or more slots may be indicated tothe wireless device. A base station may send (e.g., transmit) to and/orreceive from, a wireless device, data packets. The data packets may bescheduled for transmission on one or more RBGs and in one or more slots.

A base station may send (e.g., transmit), to a wireless device, downlinkcontrol information comprising a downlink assignment. The base stationmay send (e.g., transmit) the DCI via one or more PDCCHs. The downlinkassignment may comprise parameters indicating at least one of amodulation and coding format; resource allocation; and/or HARQinformation related to the DL-SCH. The resource allocation may compriseparameters of resource block allocation; and/or slot allocation. A basestation may allocate (e.g., dynamically) resources to a wireless device,for example, via a Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) onone or more PDCCHs. The wireless device may monitor the one or morePDCCHs, for example, in order to find possible allocation if itsdownlink reception is enabled. The wireless device may receive one ormore downlink data packets on one or more PDSCH scheduled by the one ormore PDCCHs, for example, if the wireless device successfully detectsthe one or more PDCCHs.

A base station may allocate Configured Scheduling (CS) resources fordown link transmission to a wireless device. The base station may send(e.g., transmit) one or more RRC messages indicating a periodicity ofthe CS grant. The base station may send (e.g., transmit) DCI via a PDCCHaddressed to a Configured Scheduling-RNTI (CS-RNTI) activating the CSresources. The DCI may comprise parameters indicating that the downlinkgrant is a CS grant. The CS grant may be implicitly reused according tothe periodicity defined by the one or more RRC messages. The CS grantmay be implicitly reused, for example, until deactivated.

A base station may send (e.g., transmit), to a wireless device via oneor more PDCCHs, downlink control information comprising an uplink grant.The uplink grant may comprise parameters indicating at least one of amodulation and coding format; a resource allocation; and/or HARQinformation related to the UL-SCH. The resource allocation may compriseparameters of resource block allocation; and/or slot allocation. Thebase station may dynamically allocate resources to the wireless devicevia a C-RNTI on one or more PDCCHs. The wireless device may monitor theone or more PDCCHs, for example, in order to find possible resourceallocation. The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit) one or moreuplink data packets via one or more PUSCH scheduled by the one or morePDCCHs, for example, if the wireless device successfully detects the oneor more PDCCHs.

The base station may allocate CS resources for uplink data transmissionto a wireless device. The base station may transmit one or more RRCmessages indicating a periodicity of the CS grant. The base station maysend (e.g., transmit) DCI via a PDCCH addressed to a CS-RNTI to activatethe CS resources. The DCI may comprise parameters indicating that theuplink grant is a CS grant. The CS grant may be implicitly reusedaccording to the periodicity defined by the one or more RRC message, TheCS grant may be implicitly reused, for example, until deactivated.

A base station may send (e.g., transmit) DCI and/or control signalingvia a PDCCH. The DCI may comprise a format of a plurality of formats.The DCI may comprise downlink and/or uplink scheduling information(e.g., resource allocation information, HARQ related parameters, MCS),request(s) for CSI (e.g., aperiodic CQI reports), request(s) for an SRS,uplink power control commands for one or more cells, one or more timinginformation (e.g., TB transmission/reception timing, HARQ feedbacktiming, etc.), and/or the like. The DCI may indicate an uplink grantcomprising transmission parameters for one or more transport blocks. TheDCI may indicate a downlink assignment indicating parameters forreceiving one or more transport blocks. The DCI may be used by the basestation to initiate a contention-free random access at the wirelessdevice. The base station may send (e.g., transmit) DCI comprising a slotformat indicator (SFI) indicating a slot format. The base station maysend (e.g., transmit) DCI comprising a preemption indication indicatingthe PRB(s) and/or OFDM symbol(s) in which a wireless device may assumeno transmission is intended for the wireless device. The base stationmay send (e.g., transmit) DCI for group power control of the PUCCH, thePUSCH, and/or an SRS. DCI may correspond to an RNTI. The wireless devicemay obtain an RNTI after or in response to completing the initial access(e.g., C-RNTI). The base station may configure an RNTI for the wireless(e.g., CS-RNTI, TPC-CS-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, TPC-PUSCH-RNTI,TPC-SRS-RNTI, etc.). The wireless device may determine (e.g., compute)an RNTI (e.g., the wireless device may determine the RA-RNTI based onresources used for transmission of a preamble). An RNTI may have apre-configured value (e.g., P-RNTI or SI-RNTI). The wireless device maymonitor a group common search space which may be used by the basestation for sending (e.g., transmitting) DCIs that are intended for agroup of wireless devices. A group common DCI may correspond to an RNTIwhich is commonly configured for a group of wireless devices. Thewireless device may monitor a wireless device-specific search space. Awireless device specific DCI may correspond to an RNTI configured forthe wireless device.

A communications system (e.g., an NR system) may support a single beamoperation and/or a multi-beam operation. In a multi-beam operation, abase station may perform a downlink beam sweeping to provide coveragefor common control channels and/or downlink SS blocks, which maycomprise at least a PSS, a SSS, and/or PBCH. A wireless device maymeasure quality of a beam pair link using one or more RSs. One or moreSS blocks, or one or more CSI-RS resources (e.g., which may beassociated with a CSI-RS resource index (CRI)), and/or one or moreDM-RSs of a PBCH, may be used as an RS for measuring a quality of a beampair link. The quality of a beam pair link may be based on a referencesignal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality(RSRQ) value, and/or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The basestation may indicate whether an RS resource, used for measuring a beampair link quality, is quasi-co-located (QCLed) with DM-RSs of a controlchannel. An RS resource and DM-RSs of a control channel may be calledQCLed, for example, if channel characteristics from a transmission on anRS to a wireless device, and that from a transmission on a controlchannel to a wireless device, are similar or the same under a configuredcriterion. In a multi-beam operation, a wireless device may perform anuplink beam sweeping to access a cell.

A wireless device may be configured to monitor a PDCCH on one or morebeam pair links simultaneously, for example, depending on a capabilityof the wireless device. This monitoring may increase robustness againstbeam pair link blocking. A base station may send (e.g., transmit) one ormore messages to configure the wireless device to monitor the PDCCH onone or more beam pair links in different PDCCH OFDM symbols. A basestation may send (e.g., transmit) higher layer signaling (e.g., RRCsignaling) and/or a MAC CE comprising parameters related to the Rx beamsetting of the wireless device for monitoring the PDCCH on one or morebeam pair links. The base station may send (e.g., transmit) anindication of a spatial QCL assumption between an DL RS antenna port(s)(e.g., a cell-specific CSI-RS, a wireless device-specific CSI-RS, an SSblock, and/or a PBCH with or without DM-RSs of the PBCH) and/or DL RSantenna port(s) for demodulation of a DL control channel. Signaling forbeam indication for a PDCCH may comprise MAC CE signaling, RRCsignaling, DCI signaling, and/or specification-transparent and/orimplicit method, and/or any combination of signaling methods.

A base station may indicate spatial QCL parameters between DL RS antennaport(s) and DM-RS antenna port(s) of a DL data channel, for example, forreception of a unicast DL data channel. The base station may send (e.g.,transmit) DCI (e.g., downlink grants) comprising information indicatingthe RS antenna port(s). The information may indicate RS antenna port(s)that may be QCL-ed with the DM-RS antenna port(s). A different set ofDM-RS antenna port(s) for a DL data channel may be indicated as QCL witha different set of the RS antenna port(s).

FIG. 9A shows an example of beam sweeping in a DL channel. In anRRC_INACTIVE state or RRC_IDLE state, a wireless device may assume thatSS blocks form an SS burst 940, and an SS burst set 950. The SS burstset 950 may have a given periodicity. A base station 120 may send (e.g.,transmit) SS blocks in multiple beams, together forming a SS burst 940,for example, in a multi-beam operation. One or more SS blocks may besent (e.g., transmitted) on one beam. If multiple SS bursts 940 aretransmitted with multiple beams, SS bursts together may form SS burstset 950.

A wireless device may use CSI-RS for estimating a beam quality of a linkbetween a wireless device and a base station, for example, in the multibeam operation. A beam may be associated with a CSI-RS. A wirelessdevice may (e.g., based on a RSRP measurement on CSI-RS) report a beamindex, which may be indicated in a CRI for downlink beam selectionand/or associated with an RSRP value of a beam. A CSI-RS may be sent(e.g., transmitted) on a CSI-RS resource, which may comprise at leastone of: one or more antenna ports and/or one or more time and/orfrequency radio resources. A CSI-RS resource may be configured in acell-specific way such as by common RRC signaling, or in a wirelessdevice-specific way such as by dedicated RRC signaling and/or L1/L2signaling. Multiple wireless devices covered by a cell may measure acell-specific CSI-RS resource. A dedicated subset of wireless devicescovered by a cell may measure a wireless device-specific CSI-RSresource.

A CSI-RS resource may be sent (e.g., transmitted) periodically, usingaperiodic transmission, or using a multi-shot or semi-persistenttransmission. In a periodic transmission in FIG. 9A, a base station 120may send (e.g., transmit) configured CSI-RS resources 940 periodicallyusing a configured periodicity in a time domain. In an aperiodictransmission, a configured CSI-RS resource may be sent (e.g.,transmitted) in a dedicated time slot. In a multi-shot and/orsemi-persistent transmission, a configured CSI-RS resource may be sent(e.g., transmitted) within a configured period. Beams used for CSI-RStransmission may have a different beam width than beams used forSS-blocks transmission.

FIG. 9B shows an example of a beam management procedure, such as in anexample new radio network. The base station 120 and/or the wirelessdevice 110 may perform a downlink L1/L2 beam management procedure. Oneor more of the following downlink L1/L2 beam management procedures maybe performed within one or more wireless devices 110 and one or morebase stations 120. A P1 procedure 910 may be used to enable the wirelessdevice 110 to measure one or more Transmission (Tx) beams associatedwith the base station 120, for example, to support a selection of afirst set of Tx beams associated with the base station 120 and a firstset of Rx beam(s) associated with the wireless device 110. A basestation 120 may sweep a set of different Tx beams, for example, forbeamforming at a base station 120 (such as shown in the top row, in acounter-clockwise direction). A wireless device 110 may sweep a set ofdifferent Rx beams, for example, for beamforming at a wireless device110 (such as shown in the bottom row, in a clockwise direction). A P2procedure 920 may be used to enable a wireless device 110 to measure oneor more Tx beams associated with a base station 120, for example, topossibly change a first set of Tx beams associated with a base station120. A P2 procedure 920 may be performed on a possibly smaller set ofbeams (e.g., for beam refinement) than in the P1 procedure 910. A P2procedure 920 may be a special example of a P1 procedure 910. A P3procedure 930 may be used to enable a wireless device 110 to measure atleast one Tx beam associated with a base station 120, for example, tochange a first set of Rx beams associated with a wireless device 110.

A wireless device 110 may send (e.g., transmit) one or more beammanagement reports to a base station 120. In one or more beam managementreports, a wireless device 110 may indicate one or more beam pairquality parameters comprising one or more of: a beam identification; anRSRP; a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), Channel Quality Indicator(CQI), and/or Rank Indicator (RI) of a subset of configured beams. Basedon one or more beam management reports, the base station 120 may send(e.g., transmit) to a wireless device 110 a signal indicating that oneor more beam pair links are one or more serving beams. The base station120 may send (e.g., transmit) the PDCCH and the PDSCH for a wirelessdevice 110 using one or more serving beams.

A communications network (e.g., a new radio network) may support aBandwidth Adaptation (BA). Receive and/or transmit bandwidths that maybe configured for a wireless device using a BA may not be large. Receiveand/or transmit bandwidth may not be as large as a bandwidth of a cell.Receive and/or transmit bandwidths may be adjustable. A wireless devicemay change receive and/or transmit bandwidths, for example, to reduce(e.g., shrink) the bandwidth(s) at (e.g., during) a period of lowactivity such as to save power. A wireless device may change a locationof receive and/or transmit bandwidths in a frequency domain, forexample, to increase scheduling flexibility. A wireless device maychange a subcarrier spacing, for example, to allow different services.

A Bandwidth Part (BWP) may comprise a subset of a total cell bandwidthof a cell. A base station may configure a wireless device with one ormore BWPs, for example, to achieve a BA. A base station may indicate, toa wireless device, which of the one or more (configured) BWPs is anactive BWP.

FIG. 10 shows an example of BWP configurations. BWPs may be configuredas follows: BWP1 (1010 and 1050) with a width of 40 MHz and subcarrierspacing of 15 kHz; BWP2 (1020 and 1040) with a width of 10 MHz andsubcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP3 1030 with a width of 20 MHz andsubcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. Any quantity/number of BWP configurationsmay comprise any other width and subcarrier spacing combination.

A wireless device, configured for operation in one or more BWPs of acell, may be configured by one or more higher layers (e.g., RRC layer).The wireless device may be configured for a cell with: a set of one ormore BWPs (e.g., at most four BWPs) for reception (e.g., a DL BWP set)in a DL bandwidth by at least one parameter DL-BWP; and a set of one ormore BWPs (e.g., at most four BWPs) for transmissions (e.g., UL BWP set)in an UL bandwidth by at least one parameter UL-BWP.

A base station may configure a wireless device with one or more UL andDL BWP pairs, for example, to enable BA on the PCell. To enable BA onSCells (e.g., for CA), a base station may configure a wireless device atleast with one or more DL BWPs (e.g., there may be none in an UL).

An initial active DL BWP may comprise at least one of a location andquantity/number of contiguous PRBs, a subcarrier spacing, or a cyclicprefix, for example, for a CORESETs for at least one common searchspace. For operation on the PCell, one or more higher layer parametersmay indicate at least one initial UL BWP for a random access procedure.If a wireless device is configured with a secondary carrier on a primarycell, the wireless device may be configured with an initial BWP forrandom access procedure on a secondary carrier.

A wireless device may expect that a center frequency for a DL BWP may besame as a center frequency for a UL BWP, for example, for unpairedspectrum operation. A base station may semi-statically configure awireless device for a cell with one or more parameters, for example, fora DL BWP or an UL BWP in a set of one or more DL BWPs or one or more ULBWPs, respectively. The one or more parameters may indicate one or moreof following: a subcarrier spacing; a cyclic prefix; a quantity/numberof contiguous PRBs; an index in the set of one or more DL BWPs and/orone or more UL BWPs; a link between a DL BWP and an UL BWP from a set ofconfigured DL BWPs and UL BWPs; a DCI detection to a PDSCH receptiontiming; a PDSCH reception to a HARQ-ACK transmission timing value; a DCIdetection to a PUSCH transmission timing value; and/or an offset of afirst PRB of a DL bandwidth or an UL bandwidth, respectively, relativeto a first PRB of a bandwidth.

For a DL BWP in a set of one or more DL BWPs on a PCell, a base stationmay configure a wireless device with one or more control resource setsfor at least one type of common search space and/or one wirelessdevice-specific search space. A base station may not configure awireless device without a common search space on a PCell, or on aPSCell, in an active DL BWP. For an UL BWP in a set of one or more ULBWPs, a base station may configure a wireless device with one or moreresource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions.

DCI may comprise a BWP indicator field. The BWP indicator field valuemay indicate an active DL BWP, from a configured DL BWP set, for one ormore DL receptions. The BWP indicator field value may indicate an activeUL BWP, from a configured UL BWP set, for one or more UL transmissions.

For a PCell, a base station may semi-statically configure a wirelessdevice with a default DL BWP among configured DL BWPs. If a wirelessdevice is not provided a default DL BWP, a default BWP may be an initialactive DL BWP.

A base station may configure a wireless device with a timer value for aPCell. A wireless device may start a timer (e.g., a BWP inactivitytimer), for example, if a wireless device detects DCI indicating anactive DL BWP, other than a default DL BWP, for a paired spectrumoperation, and/or if a wireless device detects DCI indicating an activeDL BWP or UL BWP, other than a default DL BWP or UL BWP, for an unpairedspectrum operation. The wireless device may increment the timer by aninterval of a first value (e.g., the first value may be 1 millisecond,0.5 milliseconds, or any other time duration), for example, if thewireless device does not detect DCI at (e.g., during) the interval for apaired spectrum operation or for an unpaired spectrum operation. Thetimer may expire at a time that the timer is equal to the timer value. Awireless device may switch to the default DL BWP from an active DL BWP,for example, if the timer expires.

A base station may semi-statically configure a wireless device with oneor more BWPs. A wireless device may switch an active BWP from a firstBWP to a second BWP, for example, after or in response to receiving DCIindicating the second BWP as an active BWP, and/or after or in responseto an expiry of BWP inactivity timer (e.g., the second BWP may be adefault BWP). FIG. 10 shows an example of three BWPs configured, BWP1(1010 and 1050), BWP2 (1020 and 1040), and BWP3 (1030). BWP2 (1020 and1040) may be a default BWP. BWP1 (1010) may be an initial active BWP. Awireless device may switch an active BWP from BWP1 1010 to BWP2 1020,for example, after or in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivitytimer. A wireless device may switch an active BWP from BWP2 1020 to BWP31030, for example, after or in response to receiving DCI indicating BWP31030 as an active BWP. Switching an active BWP from BWP3 1030 to BWP21040 and/or from BWP2 1040 to BWP1 1050 may be after or in response toreceiving DCI indicating an active BWP, and/or after or in response toan expiry of BWP inactivity timer.

Wireless device procedures on a secondary cell may be same as on aprimary cell using the timer value for the secondary cell and thedefault DL BWP for the secondary cell, for example, if a wireless deviceis configured for a secondary cell with a default DL BWP amongconfigured DL BWPs and a timer value. A wireless device may use anindicated DL BWP and an indicated UL BWP on a secondary cell as arespective first active DL BWP and first active UL BWP on a secondarycell or carrier, for example, if a base station configures a wirelessdevice with a first active DL BWP and a first active UL BWP on asecondary cell or carrier.

FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B show packet flows using a multi connectivity(e.g., dual connectivity, multi connectivity, tight interworking, and/orthe like). FIG. 11A shows an example of a protocol structure of awireless device 110 (e.g., UE) with CA and/or multi connectivity. FIG.11B shows an example of a protocol structure of multiple base stationswith CA and/or multi connectivity. The multiple base stations maycomprise a master node, MN 1130 (e.g., a master node, a master basestation, a master gNB, a master eNB, and/or the like) and a secondarynode, SN 1150 (e.g., a secondary node, a secondary base station, asecondary gNB, a secondary eNB, and/or the like). A master node 1130 anda secondary node 1150 may co-work to communicate with a wireless device110.

If multi connectivity is configured for a wireless device 110, thewireless device 110, which may support multiple reception and/ortransmission functions in an RRC connected state, may be configured toutilize radio resources provided by multiple schedulers of a multiplebase stations. Multiple base stations may be inter-connected via anon-ideal or ideal backhaul (e.g., Xn interface, X2 interface, and/orthe like). A base station involved in multi connectivity for a certainwireless device may perform at least one of two different roles: a basestation may act as a master base station or act as a secondary basestation. In multi connectivity, a wireless device may be connected toone master base station and one or more secondary base stations. Amaster base station (e.g., the MN 1130) may provide a master cell group(MCG) comprising a primary cell and/or one or more secondary cells for awireless device (e.g., the wireless device 110). A secondary basestation (e.g., the SN 1150) may provide a secondary cell group (SCG)comprising a primary secondary cell (PSCell) and/or one or moresecondary cells for a wireless device (e.g., the wireless device 110).

In multi connectivity, a radio protocol architecture that a bearer usesmay depend on how a bearer is setup. Three different types of bearersetup options may be supported: an MCG bearer, an SCG bearer, and/or asplit bearer. A wireless device may receive and/or send (e.g., transmit)packets of an MCG bearer via one or more cells of the MCG. A wirelessdevice may receive and/or send (e.g., transmit) packets of an SCG bearervia one or more cells of an SCG. Multi-connectivity may indicate havingat least one bearer configured to use radio resources provided by thesecondary base station. Multi-connectivity may or may not be configuredand/or implemented.

A wireless device (e.g., wireless device 110) may send (e.g., transmit)and/or receive: packets of an MCG bearer via an SDAP layer (e.g., SDAP1110), a PDCP layer (e.g., NR PDCP 1111), an RLC layer (e.g., MN RLC1114), and a MAC layer (e.g., MN MAC 1118); packets of a split bearervia an SDAP layer (e.g., SDAP 1110), a PDCP layer (e.g., NR PDCP 1112),one of a master or secondary RLC layer (e.g., MN RLC 1115, SN RLC 1116),and one of a master or secondary MAC layer (e.g., MN MAC 1118, SN MAC1119); and/or packets of an SCG bearer via an SDAP layer (e.g., SDAP1110), a PDCP layer (e.g., NR PDCP 1113), an RLC layer (e.g., SN RLC1117), and a MAC layer (e.g., MN MAC 1119).

A master base station (e.g., MN 1130) and/or a secondary base station(e.g., SN 1150) may send (e.g., transmit) and/or receive: packets of anMCG bearer via a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g., SDAP 1120,SDAP 1140), a master or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g., NR PDCP 1121,NR PDCP 1142), a master node RLC layer (e.g., MN RLC 1124, MN RLC 1125),and a master node MAC layer (e.g., MN MAC 1128); packets of an SCGbearer via a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g., SDAP 1120, SDAP1140), a master or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g., NR PDCP 1122, NRPDCP 1143), a secondary node RLC layer (e.g., SN RLC 1146, SN RLC 1147),and a secondary node MAC layer (e.g., SN MAC 1148); packets of a splitbearer via a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g., SDAP 1120, SDAP1140), a master or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g., NR PDCP 1123, NRPDCP 1141), a master or secondary node RLC layer (e.g., MN RLC 1126, SNRLC 1144, SN RLC 1145, MN RLC 1127), and a master or secondary node MAClayer (e.g., MN MAC 1128, SN MAC 1148).

In multi connectivity, a wireless device may configure multiple MACentities, such as one MAC entity (e.g., MN MAC 1118) for a master basestation, and other MAC entities (e.g., SN MAC 1119) for a secondary basestation. In multi-connectivity, a configured set of serving cells for awireless device may comprise two subsets: an MCG comprising servingcells of a master base station, and SCGs comprising serving cells of asecondary base station. For an SCG, one or more of followingconfigurations may be used. At least one cell of an SCG may have aconfigured UL CC and at least one cell of a SCG, named as primarysecondary cell (e.g., PSCell, PCell of SCG, PCell), and may beconfigured with PUCCH resources. If an SCG is configured, there may beat least one SCG bearer or one split bearer. After or upon detection ofa physical layer problem or a random access problem on a PSCell, or aquantity/number of NR RLC retransmissions has been reached associatedwith the SCG, or after or upon detection of an access problem on aPSCell associated with (e.g., during) a SCG addition or an SCG change:an RRC connection re-establishment procedure may not be triggered, ULtransmissions towards cells of an SCG may be stopped, a master basestation may be informed by a wireless device of a SCG failure type, a DLdata transfer over a master base station may be maintained (e.g., for asplit bearer). An NR RLC acknowledged mode (AM) bearer may be configuredfor a split bearer. A PCell and/or a PSCell may not be de-activated. APSCell may be changed with a SCG change procedure (e.g., with securitykey change and a RACH procedure). A bearer type change between a splitbearer and a SCG bearer, and/or simultaneous configuration of a SCG anda split bearer, may or may not be supported.

With respect to interactions between a master base station and asecondary base stations for multi-connectivity, one or more of thefollowing may be used. A master base station and/or a secondary basestation may maintain RRM measurement configurations of a wirelessdevice. A master base station may determine (e.g., based on receivedmeasurement reports, traffic conditions, and/or bearer types) to requesta secondary base station to provide additional resources (e.g., servingcells) for a wireless device. After or upon receiving a request from amaster base station, a secondary base station may create and/or modify acontainer that may result in a configuration of additional serving cellsfor a wireless device (or decide that the secondary base station has noresource available to do so). For a wireless device capabilitycoordination, a master base station may provide (e.g., all or a part of)an AS configuration and wireless device capabilities to a secondary basestation. A master base station and a secondary base station may exchangeinformation about a wireless device configuration such as by using RRCcontainers (e.g., inter-node messages) carried via Xn messages. Asecondary base station may initiate a reconfiguration of the secondarybase station existing serving cells (e.g., PUCCH towards the secondarybase station). A secondary base station may decide which cell is aPSCell within a SCG. A master base station may or may not change contentof RRC configurations provided by a secondary base station. A masterbase station may provide recent (and/or the latest) measurement resultsfor SCG cell(s), for example, if an SCG addition and/or an SCG SCelladdition occurs. A master base station and secondary base stations mayreceive information of SFN and/or subframe offset of each other from anOAM and/or via an Xn interface (e.g., for a purpose of DRX alignmentand/or identification of a measurement gap). Dedicated RRC signaling maybe used for sending required system information of a cell as for CA, forexample, if adding a new SCG SCell, except for an SFN acquired from anMIB of a PSCell of a SCG.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a random access procedure. One or moreevents may trigger a random access procedure. For example, one or moreevents may be at least one of following: initial access from RRC_IDLE,RRC connection re-establishment procedure, handover, DL or UL dataarrival in (e.g., during) a state of RRC_CONNECTED (e.g., if ULsynchronization status is non-synchronized), transition fromRRC_Inactive, and/or request for other system information. A PDCCHorder, a MAC entity, and/or a beam failure indication may initiate arandom access procedure.

A random access procedure may comprise or be one of at least acontention based random access procedure and/or a contention free randomaccess procedure. A contention based random access procedure maycomprise one or more Msg 1 1220 transmissions, one or more Msg2 1230transmissions, one or more Msg3 1240 transmissions, and contentionresolution 1250. A contention free random access procedure may compriseone or more Msg 1 1220 transmissions and one or more Msg2 1230transmissions. One or more of Msg 1 1220, Msg 2 1230, Msg 3 1240, and/orcontention resolution 1250 may be transmitted in the same step. Atwo-step random access procedure, for example, may comprise a firsttransmission (e.g., Msg A) and a second transmission (e.g., Msg B). Thefirst transmission (e.g., Msg A) may comprise transmitting, by awireless device (e.g., wireless device 110) to a base station (e.g.,base station 120), one or more messages indicating an equivalent and/orsimilar contents of Msg1 1220 and Msg3 1240 of a four-step random accessprocedure. The second transmission (e.g., Msg B) may comprisetransmitting, by the base station (e.g., base station 120) to a wirelessdevice (e.g., wireless device 110) after or in response to the firstmessage, one or more messages indicating an equivalent and/or similarcontent of Msg2 1230 and contention resolution 1250 of a four-steprandom access procedure.

A base station may send (e.g., transmit, unicast, multicast, broadcast,etc.), to a wireless device, a RACH configuration 1210 via one or morebeams. The RACH configuration 1210 may comprise one or more parametersindicating at least one of following: an available set of PRACHresources for a transmission of a random access preamble, initialpreamble power (e.g., random access preamble initial received targetpower), an RSRP threshold for a selection of a SS block andcorresponding PRACH resource, a power-ramping factor (e.g., randomaccess preamble power ramping step), a random access preamble index, amaximum quantity/number of preamble transmissions, preamble group A andgroup B, a threshold (e.g., message size) to determine the groups ofrandom access preambles, a set of one or more random access preamblesfor a system information request and corresponding PRACH resource(s)(e.g., if any), a set of one or more random access preambles for a beamfailure recovery request and corresponding PRACH resource(s) (e.g., ifany), a time window to monitor RA response(s), a time window to monitorresponse(s) on a beam failure recovery request, and/or a contentionresolution timer.

The Msg 1 1220 may comprise one or more transmissions of a random accesspreamble. For a contention based random access procedure, a wirelessdevice may select an SS block with an RSRP above the RSRP threshold. Ifrandom access preambles group B exists, a wireless device may select oneor more random access preambles from a group A or a group B, forexample, depending on a potential Msg3 1240 size. If a random accesspreambles group B does not exist, a wireless device may select the oneor more random access preambles from a group A. A wireless device mayselect a random access preamble index randomly (e.g., with equalprobability or a normal distribution) from one or more random accesspreambles associated with a selected group. If a base stationsemi-statically configures a wireless device with an association betweenrandom access preambles and SS blocks, the wireless device may select arandom access preamble index randomly with equal probability from one ormore random access preambles associated with a selected SS block and aselected group.

A wireless device may initiate a contention free random accessprocedure, for example, based on a beam failure indication from a lowerlayer. A base station may semi-statically configure a wireless devicewith one or more contention free PRACH resources for a beam failurerecovery request associated with at least one of SS blocks and/orCSI-RSs. A wireless device may select a random access preamble indexcorresponding to a selected SS block or a CSI-RS from a set of one ormore random access preambles for a beam failure recovery request, forexample, if at least one of the SS blocks with an RSRP above a firstRSRP threshold amongst associated SS blocks is available, and/or if atleast one of CSI-RSs with a RSRP above a second RSRP threshold amongstassociated CSI-RSs is available.

A wireless device may receive, from a base station, a random accesspreamble index via PDCCH or RRC for a contention free random accessprocedure. The wireless device may select a random access preambleindex, for example, if a base station does not configure a wirelessdevice with at least one contention free PRACH resource associated withSS blocks or CSI-RS. The wireless device may select the at least one SSblock and/or select a random access preamble corresponding to the atleast one SS block, for example, if a base station configures thewireless device with one or more contention free PRACH resourcesassociated with SS blocks and/or if at least one SS block with a RSRPabove a first RSRP threshold amongst associated SS blocks is available.The wireless device may select the at least one CSI-RS and/or select arandom access preamble corresponding to the at least one CSI-RS, forexample, if a base station configures a wireless device with one or morecontention free PRACH resources associated with CSI-RSs and/or if atleast one CSI-RS with a RSRP above a second RSPR threshold amongst theassociated CSI-RSs is available.

A wireless device may perform one or more Msg1 1220 transmissions, forexample, by sending (e.g., transmitting) the selected random accesspreamble. The wireless device may determine a PRACH occasion from one ormore PRACH occasions corresponding to a selected SS block, for example,if the wireless device selects an SS block and is configured with anassociation between one or more PRACH occasions and/or one or more SSblocks. The wireless device may determine a PRACH occasion from one ormore PRACH occasions corresponding to a selected CSI-RS, for example, ifthe wireless device selects a CSI-RS and is configured with anassociation between one or more PRACH occasions and one or more CSI-RSs.The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit), to a base station, aselected random access preamble via a selected PRACH occasions. Thewireless device may determine a transmit power for a transmission of aselected random access preamble at least based on an initial preamblepower and a power-ramping factor. The wireless device may determine anRA-RNTI associated with a selected PRACH occasion in which a selectedrandom access preamble is sent (e.g., transmitted). The wireless devicemay not determine an RA-RNTI for a beam failure recovery request. Thewireless device may determine an RA-RNTI at least based on an index of afirst OFDM symbol, an index of a first slot of a selected PRACHoccasions, and/or an uplink carrier index for a transmission of Msg11220.

A wireless device may receive, from a base station, a random accessresponse, Msg 2 1230. The wireless device may start a time window (e.g.,ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a random access response. For a beamfailure recovery procedure, the base station may configure the wirelessdevice with a different time window (e.g., bfr-ResponseWindow) tomonitor response to on a beam failure recovery request. The wirelessdevice may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow orbfr-ResponseWindow) at a start of a first PDCCH occasion, for example,after a fixed duration of one or more symbols from an end of a preambletransmission. If the wireless device sends (e.g., transmits) multiplepreambles, the wireless device may start a time window at a start of afirst PDCCH occasion after a fixed duration of one or more symbols froman end of a first preamble transmission. The wireless device may monitora PDCCH of a cell for at least one random access response identified bya RA-RNTI, or for at least one response to a beam failure recoveryrequest identified by a C-RNTI, at a time that a timer for a time windowis running.

A wireless device may determine that a reception of random accessresponse is successful, for example, if at least one random accessresponse comprises a random access preamble identifier corresponding toa random access preamble sent (e.g., transmitted) by the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may determine that the contention freerandom access procedure is successfully completed, for example, if areception of a random access response is successful. The wireless devicemay determine that a contention free random access procedure issuccessfully complete, for example, if a contention-free random accessprocedure is triggered for a beam failure recovery request and if aPDCCH transmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. The wireless device maydetermine that the random access procedure is successfully completed,and may indicate a reception of an acknowledgement for a systeminformation request to upper layers, for example, if at least one randomaccess response comprises only a random access preamble identifier. Thewireless device may stop sending (e.g., transmitting) remainingpreambles (if any) after or in response to a successful reception of acorresponding random access response, for example, if the wirelessdevice has signaled multiple preamble transmissions.

The wireless device may perform one or more Msg 3 1240 transmissions,for example, after or in response to a successful reception of randomaccess response (e.g., for a contention based random access procedure).The wireless device may adjust an uplink transmission timing, forexample, based on a timing advanced command indicated by a random accessresponse. The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit) one or moretransport blocks, for example, based on an uplink grant indicated by arandom access response. Subcarrier spacing for PUSCH transmission forMsg3 1240 may be provided by at least one higher layer (e.g., RRC)parameter. The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit) a random accesspreamble via a PRACH, and Msg3 1240 via PUSCH, on the same cell. A basestation may indicate an UL BWP for a PUSCH transmission of Msg3 1240 viasystem information block. The wireless device may use HARQ for aretransmission of Msg 3 1240.

Multiple wireless devices may perform Msg 1 1220, for example, bysending (e.g., transmitting) the same preamble to a base station. Themultiple wireless devices may receive, from the base station, the samerandom access response comprising an identity (e.g., TC-RNTI).Contention resolution (e.g., comprising the wireless device 110receiving contention resolution 1250) may be used to increase thelikelihood that a wireless device does not incorrectly use an identityof another wireless device. The contention resolution 1250 may be basedon, for example, a C-RNTI on a PDCCH, and/or a wireless devicecontention resolution identity on a DL-SCH. If a base station assigns aC-RNTI to a wireless device, the wireless device may perform contentionresolution (e.g., comprising receiving contention resolution 1250), forexample, based on a reception of a PDCCH transmission that is addressedto the C-RNTI. The wireless device may determine that contentionresolution is successful, and/or that a random access procedure issuccessfully completed, for example, after or in response to detecting aC-RNTI on a PDCCH. If a wireless device has no valid C-RNTI, acontention resolution may be addressed by using a TC-RNTI. If a MAC PDUis successfully decoded and a MAC PDU comprises a wireless devicecontention resolution identity MAC CE that matches or otherwisecorresponds with the CCCH SDU sent (e.g., transmitted) in Msg3 1250, thewireless device may determine that the contention resolution (e.g.,comprising contention resolution 1250) is successful and/or the wirelessdevice may determine that the random access procedure is successfullycompleted.

FIG. 13 shows an example structure for MAC entities. A wireless devicemay be configured to operate in a multi-connectivity mode. A wirelessdevice in RRC_CONNECTED with multiple Rx/Tx may be configured to utilizeradio resources provided by multiple schedulers that may be located in aplurality of base stations. The plurality of base stations may beconnected via a non-ideal or ideal backhaul over the Xn interface. Abase station in a plurality of base stations may act as a master basestation or as a secondary base station. A wireless device may beconnected to and/or in communication with, for example, one master basestation and one or more secondary base stations. A wireless device maybe configured with multiple MAC entities, for example, one MAC entityfor a master base station, and one or more other MAC entities forsecondary base station(s). A configured set of serving cells for awireless device may comprise two subsets: an MCG comprising servingcells of a master base station, and one or more SCGs comprising servingcells of a secondary base station(s). FIG. 13 shows an example structurefor MAC entities in which a MCG and a SCG are configured for a wirelessdevice.

At least one cell in a SCG may have a configured UL CC. A cell of the atleast one cell may comprise a PSCell or a PCell of a SCG, or a PCell. APSCell may be configured with PUCCH resources. There may be at least oneSCG bearer, or one split bearer, for a SCG that is configured. After orupon detection of a physical layer problem or a random access problem ona PSCell, after or upon reaching a quantity/number of RLCretransmissions associated with the SCG, and/or after or upon detectionof an access problem on a PSCell associated with (e.g., during) a SCGaddition or a SCG change: an RRC connection re-establishment proceduremay not be triggered, UL transmissions towards cells of a SCG may bestopped, and/or a master base station may be informed by a wirelessdevice of a SCG failure type and DL data transfer over a master basestation may be maintained.

A MAC sublayer may provide services such as data transfer and radioresource allocation to upper layers (e.g., 1310 or 1320). A MAC sublayermay comprise a plurality of MAC entities (e.g., 1350 and 1360). A MACsublayer may provide data transfer services on logical channels. Toaccommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple types oflogical channels may be defined. A logical channel may support transferof a particular type of information. A logical channel type may bedefined by what type of information (e.g., control or data) istransferred. BCCH, PCCH, CCCH and/or DCCH may be control channels, andDTCH may be a traffic channel. A first MAC entity (e.g., 1310) mayprovide services on PCCH, BCCH, CCCH, DCCH, DTCH, and/or MAC controlelements. A second MAC entity (e.g., 1320) may provide services on BCCH,DCCH, DTCH, and/or MAC control elements.

A MAC sublayer may expect from a physical layer (e.g., 1330 or 1340)services such as data transfer services, signaling of HARQ feedback,and/or signaling of scheduling request or measurements (e.g., CQI). Indual connectivity, two MAC entities may be configured for a wirelessdevice: one for a MCG and one for a SCG. A MAC entity of a wirelessdevice may handle a plurality of transport channels. A first MAC entitymay handle first transport channels comprising a PCCH of a MCG, a firstBCH of the MCG, one or more first DL-SCHs of the MCG, one or more firstUL-SCHs of the MCG, and/or one or more first RACHs of the MCG. A secondMAC entity may handle second transport channels comprising a second BCHof a SCG, one or more second DL-SCHs of the SCG, one or more secondUL-SCHs of the SCG, and/or one or more second RACHs of the SCG.

If a MAC entity is configured with one or more SCells, there may bemultiple DL-SCHs, multiple UL-SCHs, and/or multiple RACHs per MACentity. There may be one DL-SCH and/or one UL-SCH on an SpCell. Theremay be one DL-SCH, zero or one UL-SCH, and/or zero or one RACH for anSCell. A DL-SCH may support receptions using different numerologiesand/or TTI duration within a MAC entity. A UL-SCH may supporttransmissions using different numerologies and/or TTI duration withinthe MAC entity.

A MAC sublayer may support different functions. The MAC sublayer maycontrol these functions with a control (e.g., Control 1355 and/orControl 1365) element. Functions performed by a MAC entity may compriseone or more of: mapping between logical channels and transport channels(e.g., in uplink or downlink), multiplexing (e.g., (De-) Multiplexing1352 and/or (De-) Multiplexing 1362) of MAC SDUs from one or differentlogical channels onto transport blocks (TBs) to be delivered to thephysical layer on transport channels (e.g., in uplink), demultiplexing(e.g., (De-) Multiplexing 1352 and/or (De-) Multiplexing 1362) of MACSDUs to one or different logical channels from transport blocks (TBs)delivered from the physical layer on transport channels (e.g., indownlink), scheduling information reporting (e.g., in uplink), errorcorrection through HARQ in uplink and/or downlink (e.g., 1363), andlogical channel prioritization in uplink (e.g., Logical ChannelPrioritization 1351 and/or Logical Channel Prioritization 1361). A MACentity may handle a random access process (e.g., Random Access Control1354 and/or Random Access Control 1364).

FIG. 14 shows an example of a RAN architecture comprising one or morebase stations. A protocol stack (e.g., RRC, SDAP, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and/orPHY) may be supported at a node. A base station (e.g., gNB 120A and/or120B) may comprise a base station central unit (CU) (e.g., gNB-CU 1420Aor 1420B) and at least one base station distributed unit (DU) (e.g.,gNB-DU 1430A, 1430B, 1430C, and/or 1430D), for example, if a functionalsplit is configured. Upper protocol layers of a base station may belocated in a base station CU, and lower layers of the base station maybe located in the base station DUs. An F1 interface (e.g., CU-DUinterface) connecting a base station CU and base station DUs may be anideal or non-ideal backhaul. F1-C may provide a control plane connectionover an F1 interface, and F1-U may provide a user plane connection overthe F1 interface. An Xn interface may be configured between base stationCUs.

A base station CU may comprise an RRC function, an SDAP layer, and/or aPDCP layer. Base station DUs may comprise an RLC layer, a MAC layer,and/or a PHY layer. Various functional split options between a basestation CU and base station DUs may be possible, for example, bylocating different combinations of upper protocol layers (e.g., RANfunctions) in a base station CU and different combinations of lowerprotocol layers (e.g., RAN functions) in base station DUs. A functionalsplit may support flexibility to move protocol layers between a basestation CU and base station DUs, for example, depending on servicerequirements and/or network environments.

Functional split options may be configured per base station, per basestation CU, per base station DU, per wireless device, per bearer, perslice, and/or with other granularities. In a per base station CU split,a base station CU may have a fixed split option, and base station DUsmay be configured to match a split option of a base station CU. In a perbase station DU split, a base station DU may be configured with adifferent split option, and a base station CU may provide differentsplit options for different base station DUs. In a per wireless devicesplit, a base station (e.g., a base station CU and at least one basestation DUs) may provide different split options for different wirelessdevices. In a per bearer split, different split options may be utilizedfor different bearers. In a per slice splice, different split optionsmay be used for different slices.

FIG. 15 shows example RRC state transitions of a wireless device. Awireless device may be in at least one RRC state among an RRC connectedstate (e.g., RRC Connected 1530, RRC_Connected, etc.), an RRC idle state(e.g., RRC Idle 1510, RRC_Idle, etc.), and/or an RRC inactive state(e.g., RRC Inactive 1520, RRC_Inactive, etc.). In an RRC connectedstate, a wireless device may have at least one RRC connection with atleast one base station (e.g., gNB and/or eNB), which may have a contextof the wireless device (e.g., UE context). A wireless device context(e.g., UE context) may comprise at least one of an access stratumcontext, one or more radio link configuration parameters, bearer (e.g.,data radio bearer (DRB), signaling radio bearer (SRB), logical channel,QoS flow, PDU session, and/or the like) configuration information,security information, PHY/MAC/RLC/PDCP/SDAP layer configurationinformation, and/or the like configuration information for a wirelessdevice. In an RRC idle state, a wireless device may not have an RRCconnection with a base station, and a context of the wireless device maynot be stored in a base station. In an RRC inactive state, a wirelessdevice may not have an RRC connection with a base station. A context ofa wireless device may be stored in a base station, which may comprise ananchor base station (e.g., a last serving base station).

A wireless device may transition an RRC state (e.g., UE RRC state)between an RRC idle state and an RRC connected state in both ways (e.g.,connection release 1540 or connection establishment 1550; and/orconnection reestablishment) and/or between an RRC inactive state and anRRC connected state in both ways (e.g., connection inactivation 1570 orconnection resume 1580). A wireless device may transition its RRC statefrom an RRC inactive state to an RRC idle state (e.g., connectionrelease 1560).

An anchor base station may be a base station that may keep a context ofa wireless device (e.g., UE context) at least at (e.g., during) a timeperiod that the wireless device stays in a RAN notification area (RNA)of an anchor base station, and/or at (e.g., during) a time period thatthe wireless device stays in an RRC inactive state. An anchor basestation may comprise a base station that a wireless device in an RRCinactive state was most recently connected to in a latest RRC connectedstate, and/or a base station in which a wireless device most recentlyperformed an RNA update procedure. An RNA may comprise one or more cellsoperated by one or more base stations. A base station may belong to oneor more RNAs. A cell may belong to one or more RNAs.

A wireless device may transition, in a base station, an RRC state (e.g.,UE RRC state) from an RRC connected state to an RRC inactive state. Thewireless device may receive RNA information from the base station. RNAinformation may comprise at least one of an RNA identifier, one or morecell identifiers of one or more cells of an RNA, a base stationidentifier, an IP address of the base station, an AS context identifierof the wireless device, a resume identifier, and/or the like.

An anchor base station may broadcast a message (e.g., RAN pagingmessage) to base stations of an RNA to reach to a wireless device in anRRC inactive state. The base stations receiving the message from theanchor base station may broadcast and/or multicast another message(e.g., paging message) to wireless devices in their coverage area, cellcoverage area, and/or beam coverage area associated with the RNA via anair interface.

A wireless device may perform an RNA update (RNAU) procedure, forexample, if the wireless device is in an RRC inactive state and movesinto a new RNA. The RNAU procedure may comprise a random accessprocedure by the wireless device and/or a context retrieve procedure(e.g., UE context retrieve). A context retrieve procedure may comprise:receiving, by a base station from a wireless device, a random accesspreamble; and requesting and/or receiving (e.g., fetching), by a basestation, a context of the wireless device (e.g., UE context) from an oldanchor base station. The requesting and/or receiving (e.g., fetching)may comprise: sending a retrieve context request message (e.g., UEcontext request message) comprising a resume identifier to the oldanchor base station and receiving a retrieve context response messagecomprising the context of the wireless device from the old anchor basestation.

A wireless device in an RRC inactive state may select a cell to camp onbased on at least a measurement result for one or more cells, a cell inwhich a wireless device may monitor an RNA paging message, and/or a corenetwork paging message from a base station. A wireless device in an RRCinactive state may select a cell to perform a random access procedure toresume an RRC connection and/or to send (e.g., transmit) one or morepackets to a base station (e.g., to a network). The wireless device mayinitiate a random access procedure to perform an RNA update procedure,for example, if a cell selected belongs to a different RNA from an RNAfor the wireless device in an RRC inactive state. The wireless devicemay initiate a random access procedure to send (e.g., transmit) one ormore packets to a base station of a cell that the wireless deviceselects, for example, if the wireless device is in an RRC inactive stateand has one or more packets (e.g., in a buffer) to send (e.g., transmit)to a network. A random access procedure may be performed with twomessages (e.g., 2-stage or 2-step random access) and/or four messages(e.g., 4-stage or 4-step random access) between the wireless device andthe base station.

A base station receiving one or more uplink packets from a wirelessdevice in an RRC inactive state may request and/or receive (e.g., fetch)a context of a wireless device (e.g., UE context), for example, bysending (e.g., transmitting) a retrieve context request message for thewireless device to an anchor base station of the wireless device basedon at least one of an AS context identifier, an RNA identifier, a basestation identifier, a resume identifier, and/or a cell identifierreceived from the wireless device. A base station may send (e.g.,transmit) a path switch request for a wireless device to a core networkentity (e.g., AMF, MME, and/or the like), for example, after or inresponse to requesting and/or receiving (e.g., fetching) a context. Acore network entity may update a downlink tunnel endpoint identifier forone or more bearers established for the wireless device between a userplane core network entity (e.g., UPF, S-GW, and/or the like) and a RANnode (e.g., the base station), such as by changing a downlink tunnelendpoint identifier from an address of the anchor base station to anaddress of the base station).

Wireless devices may support multiple subscriber/useridentities/modules/identifiers (e.g., subscriber identity modules(SIMs), embedded and/or electronic SIMs (eSIMs), physical and/orelectronic profiles, etc.), for example, each of which may comprisesubscription information for a wireless network (e.g., differentwireless networks). A multi-SIM wireless device may be a device thatsupports two (or more) SIMs, two (or more) physical profiles, and/or two(or more) electronic profiles. Multi-SIM devices may be used in avariety of scenarios. A user may access multiple subscriptions using amulti-SIM device. Service providers may offer bring your own device(BYOD) initiatives. A user may use a multi-SIM device to avail servicesfrom multiple service providers/subscriptions on the same device. A usermay have multiple personal subscriptions and may choose which one to usebased on a selected service. The user may access a first subscriptionvia a first SIM (e.g., for calling/texting or other service) and asecond subscription via a second SIM (e.g., for mobile internet facilityor other service) using a multi-SIM device. The user may access anindividual subscription via a first SIM and a group subscription (e.g.,a family or business plan subscription) via a second SIM using amulti-SIM device. A user may use a multi-SIM device for communicationswith any combination of different services, networks, devices, etc. SIMsmay be from the same or from different mobile network operators (MNOs).

FIG. 16 shows an example architecture for a wireless device 1600comprising multiple subscriber/user identities/modules/identifiers(SIMs) 1602. The SIMs 1602 may comprise any type of subscriber/useridentity/module/identifier, for example, embedded and/or electronic SIMs(eSIMs), physical SIM cards, electronic or physical profiles, or anycombination thereof. The wireless device 1600 may be referred to as a“multi-SIM” device. A wireless device that supports two SIMs 1602 mayalso or alternatively be referred to as a “dual-SIM” device. Thewireless device 1600 may be used to address various use cases. Thewireless device 1600 may comprise (e.g., be configured with) a personalwireless subscription (e.g., SIM1) and/or a business wirelesssubscription (e.g., SIM2). This use case may be particularlyadvantageous for bring-your-own-device (BYOD) initiatives and/or otherexamples in which a user may communicate via multiple networks and/orusing multiple services. The wireless device 1600 may comprise (e.g., beconfigured with) multiple wireless subscriptions (e.g., an individualplan subscription via SIM1 and a family or business plan subscriptionvia SIM2). The wireless device 1600 may engage in communications 1605(e.g., communicate using SIM1) with a first base station 1640 (e.g., agNB or any other communication device) of a first wireless network(e.g., a PLMN or any other communication device). The wireless device1600 may engage in communications 1610 (e.g., communicate using SIM2)with a second base station 1650 of a second wireless network (e.g., aPLMN or any other communication device). The wireless device 1600 mayengage in other communications (e.g., communicate using one or moreother SIMs 1602) with one or more other base stations (e.g., gNBs or anyother communication devices) of one or more other wireless networks(e.g., PLMNs or any other communication devices).

The wireless device 1600 may include one or more processors 1618, whichmay execute instructions stored in memory, such as non-removable memory1630, removable memory 1632 (such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive,compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD), or floppy diskdrive), or any other desired storage medium. Instructions may be storedin an attached (or internal) hard drive. The wireless device 1600 mayinclude a security processor (not shown), which may execute instructionsof a one or more computer programs to monitor the processes executing onthe processor(s) 1618 and any process that requests access to anyhardware and/or software components of the wireless device 1600 (e.g.,the non-removable memory 1630, the removable memory 1632, the harddrive, a device controller (e.g., a keypad 1626, a display and/ortouchpad 1628, a speaker and/or microphone 1624, and/or one or moreperipherals 1638), one or more communication interfaces 1620 (e.g.,transceiver, network interface, Bluetooth interface, Wi-Fi interface,etc.), and/or a GPS 1636 (e.g., a GPS chipset). The one or morecommunication interfaces 1620 may include a wired interface, a wirelessinterface, or a combination of the two. The network interface mayfacilitate communications with a network (e.g., a RAN, or any othernetwork). The network interface may include a modem (e.g., a cablemodem, wired modem, wireless modem, etc.). The network may includecommunication links, an external network, an in-home network, aprovider's wireless, coaxial, fiber, a hybrid fiber/coaxial distributionsystem (e.g., a DOCSIS network), and/or any other desired network. Thewireless device 1600 may include one or more output devices, such as thedisplay and/or touchpad 1628 (e.g., a screen, a display device, amonitor, a television, etc.), and/or one or more output devicecontrollers, such as a video processor. The wireless device 1600 mayinclude one or more user input devices, such as a remote control,keyboard, mouse, touch screen, microphone, etc., that may be configured,for example, as one or more of the peripherals 1638. The wireless device1600 may include a location-detecting device, for example, a GPS chipset1636, which may be configured to receive and process global positioningsignals and determine, with possible assistance from an external serverand antenna, a geographic position of the wireless device 1600.

FIG. 17A, FIG. 17B, and FIG. 17C show example wireless devices 1710,1720, and 1730, respectively, comprising various quantities oftransmitters and receivers. The wireless device 1710 may comprise acommunication module 1712 that communicates using a single receiver RX1714 and a single transmitter TX 1718. The wireless device 1720 maycomprise a communication module 1722 that communicates using tworeceivers RX 1724 and RX 1726 and a single transmitter TX 1728. Thewireless device 1730 may comprise a communication module 1732 thatcommunicates using two receivers RX 1734 and RX 1736 and twotransmitters TX 1738 and 1740. A wireless device may have any quantityof receivers and/or transmitters.

The wireless device 1710 may send a message to a first base station 1750(e.g., a gNB or any other communication device) of a first wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN or any other communication device) using thetransmitter TX 1718. The wireless device 1710 may receive a message fromthe first base station 1750 (e.g., a gNB or any other communicationdevice) of the first wireless network (e.g., a PLMN or any othercommunication device) using the receiver RX 1714. The wireless device1710 may send a message to a second base station 1760 (e.g., a gNB orany other communication device) of a second wireless network (e.g., aPLMN or any other communication device) using the transmitter TX 1718,The wireless device 1710 may receive a message from the second basestation 1760 (e.g., a gNB or any other communication device) of thesecond wireless network (e.g., a PLMN or any other communication device)using the receiver RX 1714. The wireless device 1710 may communicate(e.g., send and/or receive a message) with one of the first base station1750 (e.g., a gNB or any other communication device) or the second basestation 1760 (e.g., a gNB or any other communication device) at a giventime.

The wireless device 1720 may send a message to the first base station1750 (e.g., a gNB or any other communication device) of the firstwireless network (e.g., a PLMN or any other communication device) usingthe transmitter TX 1728. The wireless device 1720 may receive a messagefrom the first base station 1750 (e.g., a gNB or any other communicationdevice) of the first wireless network (e.g., a PLMN or any othercommunication device) using the receiver RX 1724. The wireless device1720 may send a message to the second base station 1760 (e.g., a gNB orany other communication device) of the second wireless network (e.g., aPLMN or any other communication device) using the transmitter TX 1728.The wireless device 1720 may receive a message from the second basestation 1760 (e.g., a gNB or any other communication device) of thesecond wireless network (e.g., a PLMN or any other communication device)using the receiver RX 1726. The wireless device 1720 may send a messageto one of the first base station 1750 (e.g., a gNB or any othercommunication device) or the second base station 1760 (e.g., a gNB orany other communication device) at a given time using the transmitter TX1728. The wireless device 1720 may receive one or more messages from oneor both of the first base station 1750 (e.g., a gNB or any othercommunication device) and/or the second base station 1760 (e.g., a gNBor any other communication device) at a given time.

The wireless device 1730 may send a message to the first base station1750 (e.g., a gNB or any other communication device) of the firstwireless network (e.g., a PLMN or any other communication device) usingthe transmitter TX 1738. The wireless device 1730 may receive a messagefrom the first base station 1750 (e.g., a gNB or any other communicationdevice) of the first wireless network (e.g., a PLMN or any othercommunication device) using the receiver RX 1734. The wireless device1730 may send a message to the second base station 1760 of the secondwireless network (e.g., a PLMN or any other communication device) usingthe transmitter TX 1740. The wireless device 1730 may receive a messagefrom the second base station 1760 (e.g., a gNB or any othercommunication device) of the second wireless network (e.g., a PLMN orany other communication device) using the receiver RX 1736. The wirelessdevice 1730 may communicate (e.g., send and/or receive one or moremessages) with one or both of the first base station 1750 (e.g., a gNBor any other communication device) and/or the second base station 1760(e.g., a gNB or any other communication device) at a given time.

Multi-SIM devices may support a variety of implementations and/orbehaviors (e.g., dual SIM single standby (DSSS), dual SIM dual standby(DSDS), dual SIM dual active (DSDA), etc.). An implementation of amulti-SIM device may comprise common radio and/or baseband componentsthat may be shared among the multiple SIMs of the multi-SIM device. Amulti-SIM device may be compatible with a variety of communicationtechnologies (e.g., existing communication technologies, priorcommunication technologies, and/or future communication technologyes). Amulti-SIM device and may need to seamlessly interact with multiplewireless systems (e.g., wireless networks, PLMNs, access technologies,etc.). A wireless device, actively communicating via a first wirelessnetwork, may need to occasionally check at least a second wirelessnetwork (e.g., to read a paging channel, perform measurements, and/orread system information) and/or communicate via the at least a secondwireless network. This occasional activity on the at least a secondwireless network may or may not have impact on performance of the firstsystem, for example, which may depend upon implementation of a wirelessdevice and/or other devices in a network. A base station may send (e.g.,transmit) paging information, to a wireless device. The base station maysend paging indications, for example, for emergency notifications, toindicate incoming calls/text messages, and/or to indicate any otherinformation. A paging occasion (PO) may comprise time period (e.g., asubframe, a timeslot, or any duration) in which a base station may send(e.g., transmit) a paging indication to the wireless device. A pagingframe (PF) may be a radio frame and/or may comprise one or more PO(s) ora starting point of a PO. POs may be determined based on a wirelessdevice identifier (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)for an evolved packet system (EPS), a 5G-serving temporary mobilesubscriber identity (S-TMSI) for a 5G system, respectively, and/or anyother identifier).

A wireless device may use DRX) in RRC_IDLE and/or RRC_INACTIVE state.The wireless device may use DRX, for example, to reduce powerconsumption. A wireless device may monitor at least one PO per DRXcycle.

A selection of beam(s) for a reception of a paging message (e.g., pagingindication) may be determined by the wireless device in multi-beamoperations. A wireless device may assume and/or determine that a samepaging message is repeated in transmitted beams. A paging message may(or may not) be the same for both RAN-initiated paging and CN-initiatedpaging.

A wireless device may determine (e.g., based on user-configured rules)whether or not to respond to a received paging indication (e.g., via awireless network, PLMN, access technology, network, etc.). At least somepaging indications may be associated with high priority services (e.g.,ultra-relaible low-latency communication (URLLC) services, emergencynotification services, etc.) and/or other priority services. Receivingand/or processing paging indications associated with high priorityservices, and/or ignoring paging indications associated with lowpriority services, may be advantageous (e.g., may reduce powerconsumption, prioritize urgent communications, etc.). The wirelessdevice may be unable to make the distinction between high priorityservices and low priority services (or other priority level services),for example, if the wireless device is unable to determine a servicetype that triggered the paging indication.

A wireless device (e.g., a multi-SIM wireless device) may stop a currentactivity via a first system (e.g., a first wireless network, a firstPLMN, a first access technology, a first network, etc.), for example, ifthe wireless device determines to respond to a page via a second system(e.g., a second wireless network, a second PLMN, a second accesstechnology, a second network, etc.) and/or if the wireless devicedetermines to send/receive signals (e.g., signals associated with aperiodic mobility registration update) via the second system. Thewireless device may autonomously release an RRC connection with thefirst system and abruptly leave the first system, for example, if aprocedure for suspension of an ongoing activity in the first system isnot indicated and/or specified. An autonomous release may be interpretedas an error case by the first system, may distort statistics in thefirst system, and/or may misguide algorithms that rely on thestatistics. The first system may continue to send pages (e.g., keeppaging) the wireless device and/or sending (e.g., transmitting) othersignals to the wireless device, for example, during the wirelessdevice's absence from the first system, which may result in a waste ofresources.

DSDS terminals may be registered in one or more various networks. Forexample, DSDS terminals may be registered in two networkssimultaneously, and/or may use just a single radio front-end and baseband chain. A wireless device may be RRC connected to one network at atime. The wireless device may be RRC connected to a first network. Thewireless device may attempt to at least receive paging indications fromat least a second network and/or transmit/receive signals on the atleast a second network (e.g., a second network, or any quantity ofadditional networks). The wireless device may create gaps on an activeconnection with the first network, for example, to listen to pagingindications from the at least a second network and/or transmit/receivesignals on the at least a second network. The wireless device may (e.g.,depending on implementation and configuration) drop a connection (e.g.,a data connecton) on the first network, for example, to receive a pagingindication from the at least a second network. A wireless device may notattempt to release (e.g., cleanly release) a first connection on a firstnetwork to receive signals on the at least a second network. Thisoperation may disrupt communications, may cause decreased performance,and/or may reduce system capacity, on the first network. The firstnetwork may continue sending (e.g., transmitting) signals to thewireless device, for example, even if the wireless device has droppedthe connection with the first network. This operation may result ininterference at the wireless device, for example, if the wireless deviceis receiving paging indications from the at least a second network.

A wireless device (e.g., configured with multiple subscriber identitymodules (SIMs)) may not receive a signal (e.g., a paging indication)sent (e.g., transmitted) via a first system (e.g., first wirelessnetwork, first PLMN, first access technology, first network, etc.),and/or a wireless device may receive but may not be able to respond tothe signal (e.g., may not be able to initiate a connection establishmentprocedure with the first system), for example, if the wireless device isactively communicating with at least a second system (e.g., a secondsystem, second wireless network, second PLMN, second access technology,second network, and/or any other quantity of systems). Missing a signal(e.g., a paging indication) via a first system and/or an inability tocommunicate with the first system, for example, if the wireless deviceis communicating with a second system, may decrease service reliabilityand/or increase service latency.

Various examples described herein may provide enhanced signaling thatmay support simultaneous (or near simultaneous) communications withmultiple systems. A wireless device may indicate, to a second system(e.g., a second network and/or any quantity of second systems),information corresponding to parameters used by the wireless device tomonitor signals from a first system (e.g., first network) and/or tocommunicate with the first system. The wireless device may receivesystem information (e.g., paging configuration parameters) from thefirst system. The wireless device may send information (e.g., assistanceinformation), corresponding to the system information, to the secondsystem. The second system may configure resources and/or resource gaps(e.g., monitoring gaps, communication gaps) for the wireless device tomonitor and/or communicate with the first system, for example, based onthe information (e.g., assistance information). The wireless device maysend/receive signals from the first system in the configured resourcegaps. The first system may send (e.g., transmit) paging indications inthe configured resources and/or resource gaps. The wireless device maymonitor a channel for paging indications from the first system in theconfigured resources and/or resource gaps. The wireless device may stopand/or refrain from communicating with the second system (and/or withany quantity of second systems) in the configured resources and/orresource gaps.

The information (e.g., assistance information) may indicate network typeinformation (e.g., PLMN, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network,service-based network, etc.) of the first system. The second system tomay configure the resources and/or resource gaps, based on the networktype information. Various examples described herein may increase servicereliability and decrease service latency.

A wireless device may initiate an RRC connection resume procedure. Thewireless device may initiate an RRC connection resume procedure, forexample, if the wireless device receives a RAN-initiated paging. Awireless device may transition (e.g., switch and/or move) to RRC_IDLEand/or inform a NAS, for example, if the wireless device receives aCN-initiated paging in an RRC_INACTIVE state.

An SFN for a PF may be determined based on the equation:(SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(UE_ID mod N)where SFN may be a system frame number, PF_offset may be an offset usedfor PF determination, T may be a duration of a DRX cycle, N may be atotal quantity of paging frames in T, and UE_ID may be equal to, orsubstantially equal to, (5G-S-TMSI mod 1024). 5G-S-TMSI may be awireless device identifier. T may be determined as the shortest of awireless device-specific DRX duration (e.g., among a plurality ofwireless device-specific DRX durations), for example, if configured byRRC or upper layers, and/or may be a default DRX value broadcast insystem information. Index i_s, indicating the index of the PO in the PF,may be determined as:i_s=floor(UE_ID/N)mod Nswhere Ns may be a quantity/number of paging occasions in a paging frame.

Parameters Ns, PF/slot offset information (e.g., parameternAndPagingFrameOffset), and/or the length of default DRX Cycle may beindicated, for example, in SIB1. Values of N and PF_offset may bederived from the parameter nAndPagingFrameOffset. A first PDCCHmonitoring occasion of the PO (e.g., first-PDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO)may be indicated in SIB1 for paging in initial DL BWP. The first PDCCHmonitoring occasion of the PO may be indicated in the corresponding BWPconfiguration for paging in a DL BWP other than the initial DL BWP.

A wireless device may use as default identifier (e.g., UE_ID=0) fordetermining PF and i_s, for example, if the wireless device has no5G-S-TMSI (e.g., if the wireless device has not yet registered onto thenetwork). 5G-S-TMSI may be a 48 bit long bit string (or any other bitlength). 5G-S-TMSI may be interpreted as a binary number in which theleft most bit represents the most significant bit.

A wireless device may monitor a channel (e.g., a PDCCH) for pagingindications from a first wireless network. PDCCH monitoring occasionsfor paging may be determined according to a paging search space (e.g.,pagingSearchSpace) parameter and/or a monitoring occassion (e.g.,firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO) parameter (e.g., if configured).PDCCH monitoring occasions for paging may be the same as monitoringoccasions for remaining minimum system information (RMSI), for example,if a search space identifier (e.g., SearchSpaceId) is configured to bezero for the paging search space (e.g., pagingSearchSpace). Ns may be 1or 2, for example, if the search space identifier (e.g., SearchSpaceId)is configured to be zero for the paging search space (e.g.,pagingSearchSpace). There may be one PO which may start from a firstPDCCH monitoring occasion for paging in the PF for Ns=1. PO may be inthe first half frame (e.g., i_s=0) or the second half frame (e.g.,i_s=1) of the PF for Ns=2. A wireless device may monitor the (i_s+1)thPO, for example, if the search space identifier (e.g., SearchSpaceId) isconfigured to be a value other than 0 for the paging search space (e.g.,pagingSearchSpace). A PO may be a set of S consecutive PDCCH monitoringoccasions and S may be a number/quantity of actual transmitted SSBsdetermined according to a parameter (e.g., ssb-PositionsInBurst) inSIB1. The K^(th) PDCCH monitoring occasion for paging in the PO maycorrespond to the K^(th) transmitted SSB. PDCCH monitoring occasions forpaging, which may not overlap with UL symbols (e.g., as determined basedon tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon parameter), may be sequentiallynumbered from zero starting from the first PDCCH monitoring occasion forpaging in the PF. A starting PDCCH monitoring occasion number/quantityof (i_s+1)th PO may be the (i_s+1)th value of the monitoring occassionparameter (e.g., firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO), for example, if themonitoring occassion parameter (e.g., firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO)is present; otherwise, it may be equal to i_s*S.

A PO associated with a PF may start in the PF or may follow the PF.PDCCH monitoring occasions for a PO may span multiple radio frames.PDCCH monitoring occasions for a PO may span multiple periods of apaging search space, for example, if the search space identifier (e.g.,SearchSpaceId) is configured to be a value other than 0 for the pagingsearch space (e.g., pagingSearchSpace).

FIG. 18 shows an example network architecture (e.g., 5G networkarchitecture). The network architecture may comprise a wireless device1800 (e.g., which may be the same as wireless device 100, 200, 400,1600, or another wireless device) and two wireless networks (e.g.,PLMNs, or any other communication devices), a first wireless network(e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) and a second wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device). Both thefirst wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device)and the second wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any othercommunication device) may use a 3GPP access technology forcommunications with the wireless device 1800. The second wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) may also use anon-3GPP access technology for communications with the wireless device1800. The wireless device 1800 may comprise a multi-SIM wireless device,for example, a dual-SIM wireless device.

The wireless device 1800 may be capable of sending (e.g., configured tosend, configured to transmit, etc.) on one of the first or secondwireless network (e.g., PLMNs, or any other communication devices) via a3GPP access technology at a time. The wireless device 1800 may receive amessage (e.g., paging message) comprising a request for 3GPP accesstechnology communications via the first wireless network (e.g., a PLMN,or any other communication device) simultaneously (or nearsimultaneously) with the wireless device 1800 actively communicating viathe second wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communicationdevice) using a 3GPP access technology. The wireless device 1800 maydetermine a quality of service and/or a radio broadcast signal qualityprovided by the first wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any othercommunication device) based on the received message (e.g., pagingmessage). The wireless device 1800 may avoid (e.g., may be configured toavoid) interrupting or canceling active communications via one wirelessnetwork (e.g., the second wireless network), after or based on thewireless device 1800 receiving a request for communications via anotherwireless network (e.g., the first wireless network). The wireless device1800 may send a notification via a non-3GPP access technology to thefirst wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communicationdevice), after or based on the request received from the first wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device), indicatingthat the wireless device 1800 declines, rejects, and/or does not acceptthe communications request. The notification may indicate to the firstwireless network to prevent and/or stop transmission or retransmissionsof the request for communications. The wireless device 1800 may decline,reject, and/or not accept the communications request from the firstwireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device)regardless of a quality of service provided by the first wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) and/or basedon the quality of service provided by the active connection with thesecond wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communicationdevice) satisfying a minimum threshold level of quality.

The first wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communicationdevice) may comprise a first base station 1830 (e.g., a gNB or anng-eNB) that may use a first 3GPP access technology (e.g., 4G, 5G, LTE,NG-RAN, or other 3GPP access technology) for communicating with thewireless device 1800, an access and mobility function (AMF) 1832, asession management function (SMF) 1834, and a user plane function (UPF)1836. The first 3GPP access technology may be the same as or differentfrom the second 3GPP access technology. The UPF 1836 may interface witha data network 1838. An interface between the first base station 1830and the AMF 1832 may comprise an N2 interface 1840. An interface betweenthe first base station 1830 and the UPF 1836 may comprise an N3interface 1842. An interface between the AMF 1832 and the SMF 1834 maycomprise an N11 interface 1844. An interface between the UPF 1836 andthe SMF 1834 may comprise an N4 interface 1846.

The second wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communicationdevice) may comprise a second base station 1802 (e.g., a gNB or anng-eNB) that may use a second 3GPP access technology (e.g., 5G, NG-RAN,or other 5G 3GPP access technology) for communicating with the wirelessdevice 1800, a third base station 1804 that may use a non-3GPP accesstechnology (e.g., a wireless LAN, Wi-Fi, or other non-3GPP accesstechnology) for communicating with the wireless device 1800, an AMF1806, an SMF 1808, a UPF 1810, and/or a non-3GPP interworking function(N3IWF) 1812. The second 3GPP access technology may be the same as ordifferent from the first 3GPP access technology. The UPF 1810 mayinterface with a data network 1814 via an N6 interface 1816. The secondbase station 1802 and the third base station 1804 may communicate withand/or be connected to the AMF 1806. The third base station 1804 maycommunicate with and/or be connected to the AMF 1806 via the N3IWF 1812.The third base station 1804 may comprise an access node. The third basestation 1804 may comprise at least one of an access point (AP), awireless access point (WAP), and/or a Wi-Fi router. An interface betweenthe second base station 1802 and the AMF 1806 may comprise an N2interface 1818. An interface between the N3IWF 1812 and the AMF 1806 maycomprise an N2 interface 1820. An interface between the second basestation 1802 and the UPF 1810 may comprise an N3 interface 1822. Aninterface between the N3IWF 1812 and the UPF 1810 may comprise an N3interface 1824. An interface between the AMF 1806 and the SMF 1808 maycomprise an N11 interface 1826. An interface between the UPF 1810 andthe first SMF 1808 may comprise an N4 interface 1828.

The wireless device 1800 may register with the first wireless network(e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) via the first basestation 1830, and may register with the second wireless network (e.g., aPLMN, or any other communication device) via the second base station1802. The wireless device 1800 may simultaneously (or nearsimultaneously) register/communicate with the second wireless network(e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) via the second basestation 1802 and via the third base station 1804. The wireless device1800 may establish more than one PDU session with the second wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device). A first PDUsession may be routed via the second base station 1802 and a second PDUsession may be routed via the third base station 1804. The wirelessdevice 1800 may communicate with the first wireless network (e.g., aPLMN, or any other communication device) via the first base station1830.

The wireless device 1800 may support at least two SIMs 1602, forexample, as shown in FIG. 16. The wireless device 1800 may comprise adual-SIM or a multi-SIM device. The at least two SIMs 1602 may comprisea first SIM (e.g., SIM1) for communicating with the first wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) and a secondSIM (e.g., SIM2) for communicating with second wireless network (e.g., aPLMN, or any other communication device), as shown in FIG. 16. One ormore of the first SIM (e.g., SIM1) and the second SIM (e.g., SIM2) maycomprise a physical SIM card (e.g., a plastic SIM card) or an embeddedSIM (e.g., an electronic SIM card).

The wireless device 1800 may comprise a first communication module(e.g., 3GPP communication module) and a second communication module(e.g., a non-3GPP communication module, such as a WLAN/Wi-Ficommunication module, a Bluetooth communication module, a satellitecommunication module, etc.). The first communication module may compriseat least one receiver and at least one transmitter. The wireless device1800 may use the first communication module to communicate with thefirst wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device)via the first base station 1830 and to communicate with the secondwireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) viathe second base station 1802. The wireless device 1800 may use thesecond communication module to communicate with the second wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) via the thirdbase station 1804.

FIG. 19 shows an example network architecture (e.g., 4G and 5G networkarchitecture). The network architecture may comprise a wireless device1900 (e.g., which may be the same as wireless device 100, 200, 400,1600, 1800, or another wireless device) and two wireless networks, afirst wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device)and a second wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communicationdevice). The network architecture shown in FIG. 19 may be similar to thenetwork architecture shown in FIG. 18, except, for example, for the 3GPPaccess technology used by the first wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, orany other communication device). The first wireless network shown inFIG. 19 may use a first core network (e.g., 4G core network) 3GPP accesstechnology, for example, evolved packet core (EPC), whereas the secondwireless network shown in FIG. 19 may use a second core network (e.g.,5G core network or any other core network) 3GPP access technology. Thewireless device 1900 may comprise a multi-SIM wireless device, forexample, a dual-SIM wireless device.

The first wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communicationdevice) may comprise a first base station 1930 (e.g., an eNB) that usesa first 3GPP access technology (e.g., 4G, LTE, or other 4G 3GPP accesstechnology) for communicating with the wireless device 1900, a mobilitymanagement entity (MME) 1932, a serving gateway (SGW) 1934, and a packetdata network gateway (PGW) 1936. The PGW 1936 may interface with a datanetwork 1938. An interface between the first base station 1930 and theMME 1932 may comprise an S1-C interface 1940. An interface between thefirst base station 1930 and the SGW 1934 may comprise an S1-U interface1942. An interface between the MME 1932 and the SGW 1934 may comprise anS11 interface 1944. An interface between the SGW 1934 and the PGW 1936may comprise an S5 interface 1946.

The second wireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communicationdevice) may comprise a second base station 1902 (e.g., a gNB) that usesa second 3GPP access technology (e.g., 5G, NG-RAN, or other 5G 3GPPaccess technology) for communicating with the wireless device 1900, athird base station 1904 that uses a non-3GPP access technology (e.g., awireless LAN, Wi-Fi, or other non-3GPP access technology) forcommunicating with the wireless device 1900, a first access and mobilityfunction (AMF) 1906, an SMF 1908, a UPF 1910, and an N3IWF 1912. The UPF1910 may interface with a data network 1914 via an N6 interface 1916.The second base station 1902 and the third base station 1904 maycommunicate with/be connected to the AMF 1906. The third base station1904 may communicate with/be connected to the AMF 1906 via the N3IWF1912. The third base station 1904 may comprise an access node. The thirdbase station 1904 may comprise at least one of an access point (AP), awireless access point (WAP), and/or a Wi-Fi router. An interface betweenthe second base station 1902 and the AMF 1906 may comprise an N2interface 1918. An interface between the N3IWF 1912 and the AMF 1906 maycomprise an N2 interface 1920. An interface between the third basestation 1902 and the UPF 1910 may comprise an N3 interface 1922. Aninterface between the N3IWF 1912 and the UPF 1910 may comprise an N3interface 1924. An interface between the AMF 1906 and the SMF 1908 maycomprise an N11 interface 1926. An interface between the UPF 1910 andthe SMF 1908 may comprise an N4 interface 1928.

The wireless device 1900 may register with the first wireless network(e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) via the first basestation 1930, and may register with the second wireless network (e.g., aPLMN, or any other communication device) via the second base station1902. The wireless device 1900 may simultaneously (or nearsimultaneously) register/communicate with the second wireless network(e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device) via the second basestation 1902 and via the third base station 1904. The wireless device1900 may establish more than one PDU session with the second wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device). A first PDUsession may be routed via the second base station 1902 and a second PDUsession may be routed via the third base station 1904. The wirelessdevice 1900 may communicate with the first wireless network (e.g., aPLMN, or any other communication device) via the first base station1930.

The wireless device 1800 and 1900 may simultaneously (or nearsimultaneously) communicate via a 3GPP access technology of the firstwireless network (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device)during a time period that the wireless device 1800 and 1900 may becommunicating via a non-3GPP access technology of the second wirelessnetwork (e.g., a PLMN, or any other communication device), as shown inFIG. 18 and FIG. 19. A multi-SIM wireless device using a singletransmission channel for 3GPP wireless network access may simultaneously(or near simultaneously) use non-3GPP transmission, for example, tocommunicate with a 3GPP wireless network.

A wireless device (e.g., UE, vehicle, communication device, handset,etc.), such as the wireless device 1800 shown in FIG. 18 and/or thewireless device 1900 shown in FIG. 19, may be registered to and/or maycommunicate with a first wireless network (e.g., the first wirelessnetwork as shown in FIG. 18 and/or the first wireless network as shownin FIG. 19) and/or a second wireless network (e.g., the second wirelessnetwork as shown in FIG. 18 and/or the second wireless network as shownin FIG. 19). The first wireless network may comprise, for example, atleast one of a first PLMN, a first access technology (e.g., firstsystem, first network), a first communication system (e.g., V2X system,cellular-V2X system, intelligent transportation system (ITS), IoTsystem, cellular communication system, etc.), a 5G wireless network(e.g., a first 5G wireless network), a first long-term evolution (LTE)wireless network, a first universal mobile telecommunications service(UMTS) wireless network, a satellite communication network, and/or anyother wireless communication network. The second wireless network maycomprise, for example, at least one of: a second PLMN, a second accesstechnology (e.g., second system, second network), a second communicationsystem (e.g., V2X system, cellular-V2X system, ITS, IoT system, cellularcommunication system, etc.), a 5G wireless network (e.g., a second 5Gwireless network), a second LTE wireless network, a second UMTS wirelessnetwork, a satellite communication network, and/or any other wirelesscommunication network.

A wireless device (e.g., the wireless devices 1600, 1710, 1720, 1730,1800, or 1900) may support at least one SIM (e.g., the wireless devicemay be a dual-SIM and/or a multi-SIM wireless device). The at least oneSIM may comprise at least one of a first SIM for communication with thefirst wireless network and/or a second SIM for communication with thesecond wireless network. One or more of the first SIM and the second SIMmay be a physical SIM card (e.g., plastic SIM card) or an embedded SIM(eSIM) (e.g., electronic SIM card). The wireless device may have atleast one receiver (e.g., single, dual, or multiple receivers) and/or atleast one transmitter (e.g., single, dual, or multiple transmitters) forcommunication with the first wireless network and/or the second wirelessnetwork. The wireless device may comprise a communication module (e.g.,3GPP communication module; UMTS, LTE, 5G, any/or any other communicationmodule). The communication module may comprise the at least one receiverand/or the at least one transmitter. The wireless device may employ thecommunication module for communication with the first wireless networkand/or the second wireless network via one or more base stations (e.g.,gNB, eNB, nodeB, etc.).

A first base station (e.g., the first base station 1830 and/or the firstbase station 1930) may serve a first wireless network. A second basestation (e.g., the first base station 1830 and/or the first base station1930) may serve a second wireless network. The first base station maycomprise a gNB1, gNB, gNB central unit and/or gNB distributed unit, eNB,access node, access point, access network, RAN, and/or any other basestation. The second base station may comprise a gNB1, gNB, gNB centralunit and/or gNB distributed unit, eNB, access node, access point, accessnetwork, RAN, and/or any other base station. The first base stationand/or a first cell may be associated with (e.g., for) the firstwireless network (e.g., first system, first network, first RAT). Thesecond base station and/or a second cell may be associated with (e.g.,for) the second wireless network (e.g., second system, second network,second RAT). The first base station may be associated with (e.g., for)the first PLMN. The second base station may be associated with (e.g.,for) the second PLMN. The first base station may serve the first cell.The second base station may serve the second cell.

FIG. 20 shows an example that may be ued for DRX-based in-devicecoexistence (IDC). This example may be used, for example, to resolve IDCissues. A wireless device may provide, to a base station in a firstwireless network, DRX assistance information. The DRX information may beprovided, for example, to configure a DRX cycle 2000 comprising a DRX onduration 2002 and a DRX off duration 2004. The wireless device mayreceive and/or send signals (e.g., paging signals) via the first networkin the DRX on duration 2002. A DRX on duration may bemaintained/extended, for example, if the wireless devicetransmits/receives signals to/from the base station. The wireless devicemay extend the DRX on duration by a DRX extension time 2008, forexample, if the wireless device receives signals (e.g., PDCCH signals2006) in the DRX on duration. The wireless device may not be able tocommunicate with (e.g., monitor for, receive from, transmit to, etc.) asecond wireless network during a DRX on-duration (e.g., that may beextended) at the first wireless network. The DRX procedure may notprovide proper gaps for the wireless device to enable simultaneouscommunication with the first wireless network and the second wirelessnetwork.

FIG. 21A shows an example of communications via at least two basestations. A first base station 2104 may be associated with a first celland a first wireless network. A second base station 2108 may beassociated with a second cell and a second wireless network. A wirelessdevice 2112 may have an RRC connection with the second base station2108. The wireless device 2112 may be in an RRC connected state at thesecond wireless network of the second base station 2108. The wirelessdevice 2112 may be in an inactive state or idle state with respect tothe first base station 2104.

The wireless device 2112 may receive, from the first base station 2104,signal information associated with the first cell. The signalinformation may comprise paging configuration information associatedwith the first cell. The wireless device 2112 may determine, based onthe signal information, information such as assistance information formonitoring signals (e.g., paging indications) from the first wirelessnetwork (e.g., the first base station 2104 and/or the first cell). Thewireless device 2112 may send (e.g., transmit), to the second basestation 2108, a first message comprising the assistance information. Theassistance information may indicate radio resources via which thewireless device 2112 may monitor and/or receive paging indications fromthe first wireless network (e.g., the first base station 2104 and/or thefirst cell).

The second base station 2108 may determine, based on the assistanceinformation, configuration parameters of a monitoring gap (e.g., timinggap). The configuration parameters of the monitoring gap may indicatetime resources and/or frequency resources of the monitoring gap. Themonitoring gap indicated by the configuration parameters may (or maynot) be the same as the radio resources indicated by the wireless device2112, comprise the radio resources, and/or comprise at least a portionof the radio resources. The second base station 2108 may send (e.g.,transmit), to the wireless device 2112, a second message indicating theconfiguration parameters of the monitoring gap.

The wireless device 2112 may receive the second message indicating theconfiguration parameters of the monitoring gap. The wireless device 2112may monitor a channel of the first cell in the monitoring gap. Thewireless device 2112 may transmit and/or receive via the channel of thefirst cell during the monitoring gap. The monitoring gap may correspondto a PO of the first cell. The wireless device 2112 may monitor a pagingchannel in the PO. The wireless device 2112 may receive, via the firstcell, a paging indication. The wireless device 2112 may receive thepaging indication via the paging channel in the monitoring gap.

The wireless device 2112 may stop and/or refrain from transmittingand/or receiving one or more signals to/from the second cell (and/orother serving cells of the wireless device 2112 in the second wirelessnetwork) in/during the monitoring gap. The wireless device 2112 mayrefrain from monitoring one or more channels in the second cell (and/orother serving cells of the wireless device 2112 in the second wirelessnetwork) in/during the communication gap. The wireless device 2112 maybe in an idle state with respect to the second cell (and/or otherserving cells of the wireless device 2112 in the second wirelessnetwork) in/during the communication gap. The second base station 2108may not assign any resources, to the wireless device 2112, for uplinkand/or downlink to/from the second wireless network in/during themonitoring gap. The wireless device 2112 may receive the pagingindication, in/during the monitoring gap, without any interference fromthe second base station 2108.

The wireless device 2112 may maintain the RRC connection with the secondnetwork (e.g., the second base station 2108) in/during the monitoringgap. The wireless device 2112 may be in an RRC connected state at thesecond wireless network, for example, during the receiving of the pagingindication and/or in the monitoring gap.

FIG. 21B shows an example of wireless device communications via twocells (e.g., the first cell and the second cell) in a time domain. Thewireless device 2112 may receive paging indications 2120 via the firstcell in/during a monitoring gap 2128. The wireless device 2112 maytransmit/receive signals to/from the second cell and/or the otherserving cells of the wireless device 2112 in the second wireless networkoutside the monitoring gap 2128. The monitoring gap for receiving pagingindications may be associated with a repetition period 2124 (e.g.,indicated by the configuration parameters of the monitoring gap).

FIG. 22A shows an example of communications via at least two wirelessnetworks (e.g., PLMNs). A first base station 2204 may be associated witha first PLMN and/or a first cell. A second base station 2208 may beassociated with a second PLMN and/or a second cell. The first PLMN maycorrespond to a first RAT (e.g., a first 3GPP access technology such as4G) and the second PLMN may correspond to a second RAT (e.g., a second3GPP access technology such as 5G or any other access technology).

A wireless device 2212 may be multi-SIM wireless device. The wirelessdevice 2212 may use a first SIM (e.g., SIM1) to communicate with thefirst PLMN. The wireless device 2212 may use a second SIM (e.g., SIM2)to communicate with the second PLMN. The wireless device 2212 may havean RRC connection with the second base station 2208. The wireless device2212 may be in an RRC connected state at the second PLMN correspondingto the second base station 2208. The wireless device 2212 may bedual-registered with the first PLMN and the second PLMN. The wirelessdevice 2212 may be in an inactive state or idle state with respect tothe first base station 2204.

The wireless device 2212 may receive, from the first base station 2204of the first PLMN, signal information of the first cell. The signalinformation may comprise paging configuration information of the firstcell. The wireless device 2212 may determine, based on the signalinformation, information (e.g., assistance information) for monitoringsignals (e.g., paging indications) from the first PLMN (e.g., the firstbase station 2204 and/or the first cell). The wireless device 2212 maysend/transmit, to the second base station 2208, a first messagecomprising the information (e.g., assistance information). Theinformation (e.g., assistance information) may indicate radio resourcesvia which the wireless device 2212 monitors/receives paging indicationsfrom the first PLMN (e.g., the first base station 2204 and/or the firstcell).

The second base station 2208 may determine, based on the information(e.g., assistance information), configuration parameters of a monitoringgap (e.g., timing gap). The configuration parameters of the monitoringgap may indicate time resources and/or frequency resources of themonitoring gap. The monitoring gap indicated by the configurationparameters may (or may not) be the same as the radio resources indicatedby the wireless device 2212, comprise the radio resources, and/orcomprise at least a portion of the radio resources. The second basestation 2208 may send/transmit, to the wireless device, a second messageindicating the configuration parameters of the monitoring gap.

The wireless device 2212 may receive the second message indicating theconfiguration parameters of the monitoring gap. The wireless device 2212may monitor a channel of the first cell in the monitoring gap. Themonitoring gap may correspond to a PO of the first cell. The wirelessdevice may monitor a paging channel in the PO. The wireless device 2212may receive, via the first cell, a paging indication via the pagingchannel in/durin the monitoring gap.

The wireless device 2212 may stop and/or refrain fromtransmitting/receiving one or more signals to/from the second cell(and/or other serving cells of the wireless device 2212 in/during thesecond PLMN) in the monitoring gap. The wireless device 2212 may stopand/or refrain from monitoring one or more channels in the second cell(and/or the other serving cells) in/during the communication gap. Thewireless device 2212 may be in an idle state with respect to the secondcell (and/or the other serving cells) in/during the communication gap.The second base station 2208 may not assign any resources, to thewireless device 2212, for uplink and/or downlink to/from the second PLMNin/during the monitoring gap. The wireless device 2212 may receive thepaging indication, in the monitoring gap, without any interference fromthe second PLMN.

The wireless device 2212 may maintain the RRC connection with the secondPLMN (e.g., the second base station 2208) in/during the monitoring gap.The wireless device 2212 may be in an RRC connected state at the secondPLMN, for example, during the receiving of the paging indication and/orin the monitoring gap.

FIG. 22B shows an example of wireless device communications via twoPLMNS (e.g., a first PLMN and a second PLMN). The wireless device 2212may receive paging indications 2220 via the first cell in/during amonitoring gap 2228. The wireless device 2212 may transmit/receivesignals to/from the second cell and/or the other serving cells of thewireless device 2212 in the second PLMN outside the monitoring gap 2228.The monitoring gap for receiving paging indications may be associatedwith a repetition period 2224 (e.g., indicated by the configurationparameters of the monitoring gap).

FIG. 23 shows an example of communications via at least two basestations. The at least two base stations may comprise, for example, afirst base station 2304 and a second base station 2308. The first basestation 2304 may be associated with a first cell and/or a first wirelessnetwork. The second base station 2308 may be associated with a secondcell and/or a second wireless network. The first base station 2304 andthe second base station 2308 may correspond to a same RAT or maycorrespond to different RATs. A wireless device 2312 may be a multi-SIMwireless device.

At step 2316, the first base station 2304 may send, to the wirelessdevice 2312, a message comprising signal information. The signalinformation may comprise paging configuration information associatedwith a first cell of the first base station 2304. The signal informationmay comprise information associated with a downlink channel at the firstbase station 2304. At step 2320, the wireless device 2312 may determineassistance information based on the signal information. At step 2324,the wireless device 2312 may send, to the second base station 2308, amessage comprising the assistance information. The assistanceinformation may indicate radio resources via which the wireless device2112 monitors/receives signals (e.g., paging indications) from the firstwireless network (e.g., the first base station 2304 and/or the firstcell).

At step 2328, the second base station 2308 may determine, based on theassistance information, a monitoring gap for monitoring/receivingsignals from the first wireless network. At step 2332, the second basestation 2308 may send, to the wireless device 2312, a message indicatingthe monitoring gap. At step 2336, the wireless device 2312 may monitor,in/during the monitoring gap, signals via the first cell. The wirelessdevice may monitor a paging occasion in the first cell. At step 2338,the first base station 2304 may send, to the wireless device 2336, asignal (e.g., a paging indication) in/during the monitoring gap. Thewireless device may receive the signal in/during the monitoring gap, forexample, based on the monitoring the first cell.

FIG. 24A shows an example of communications via at least two basestations. A first base station 2404 may be associated with a first celland a first network. A second base station 2408 may be associated with asecond cell and a second network. A wireless device 2412 may have an RRCconnection with the second base station 2408. The wireless device 2412may be in an RRC connected state at a wireless network of the secondbase station 2408. The wireless device 2412 may be in an inactive stateor idle state with respect to the first base station 2404.

The wireless device 2412 may receive, from the first base station 2404,signal information of the first cell. The signal information maycomprise, corresponding to the first cell, tracking area information(e.g., tracking area code, TAC, tracking area identifier, TAI, etc.),registration area information (e.g., registration area code,registration area identifier), RAN area information (e.g., RANnotification area identifier, RAN area identifier, cell identifier,etc.), closed subscribe group (CSG) identifier, closed access group(CAG) identifier, network slice information (e.g., S-NSSAI, NSSAI, etc.)of a supported network slice, and/or the like.

The wireless device 2412 may determine to communicate with the firstcell, for example, based on the signal information and/or an expirationof a timer. The timer may be a timer for a periodic area update (e.g., atracking area update, a registration area update, a RAN area update,and/or a RAN notification area update). The wireless device 2412 maydetermine to communicate with the first cell for a tracking area updateand/or a registration update, for example, based on the first cell beinga new tracking area and/or a new registration area (e.g., different froma previous tracking area and/or a previous registration area).

The wireless device 2412 may determine, based on the signal information,assistance information for communication with the first network (e.g.,the first base station and/or the first cell). The communication maycomprise signals associated with at least one of: a tracking area updateprocedure, a registration update procedure, a RAN area update procedure,packet transmission, small data transmission (e.g., early datatransmission, EDT), a random access process, data or small datareception (e.g., early data transmission, EDT), and/or the like. Thewireless device 2412 may determine, based on the signal information,radio resources via which the wireless device 2412 may transmit/receivethe signals at the first wireless network (e.g., the first base station2404 and/or the first cell). The wireless device 2412 may send/transmit,to the second base station 2408, a first message comprising theassistance information (e.g., indication of the radio resources).

The second base station 2408 may determine, based on the assistanceinformation, configuration parameters of a communication gap. Theconfiguration parameters of the communication gap may indicate timeresources and/or frequency resources of the communication gap. Thecommunication gap indicated by the configuration parameters may be thesame as the radio resources indicated by the wireless device 2412, maycomprise the radio resources, and/or may comprise at least a portion ofthe radio resources. The second base station 2408 may send (e.g.,transmit), to the wireless device 2412, a second message indicating theconfiguration parameters of the communication gap.

The wireless device 2412 may receive the second message indicating theconfiguration parameters of the communication gap. The wireless device2412 may communicate with the first network (e.g., the first basestation 2404 and/or the first cell) in/during the communication gap. Thecommunication with the first network may comprise at least one of:signal reception/transmission, the tracking area update procedure, theregistration update procedure, the RAN area update procedure, the packettransmission, the small data transmission (e.g., early datatransmission, EDT), random access process, data or small data reception(e.g., early data transmission, EDT), and/or the like.

The wireless device 2412 may stop and/or refrain fromtransmitting/receiving one or more signals to/from the second cell(and/or other serving cells of the wireless device 2412 in the secondwireless network) in/during the communication gap. The wireless device2412 may stop and/or refrain from monitoring one or more channels in thesecond cell (and/or the other serving cells) in/during the communicationgap. The wireless device 2412 may be in an idle state with respect tothe second cell (and/or the other serving cells) in/during thecommunication gap. The second base station 2408 may not assign anyresources, to the wireless device 2412, for uplink and/or downlinkto/from the second wireless network in/during the communication gap. Thewireless device 2412 may communicate with the first base station 2404,in/during the communication gap, without any interference from thesecond wireless network.

The wireless device 2412 may maintain the RRC connection with the secondwireless network (e.g., the second base station 2408) in/during thecommunication gap. The wireless device 2412 may be in an RRC connectedstate at the second wireless network, for example, if communicating withthe first base station 2404 in/during the communication gap.

FIG. 24B shows an example of wireless device communications via twocells (e.g., the first cell and the second cell) in a time domain. Thewireless device 2412 may receive transmit/receive signals 2420 to/fromthe first cell in a communication gap 2428. The wireless device 2412 maytransmit/receive signals to/from the second cell and/or the otherserving cells of the wireless device 2412 in the second wireless networkoutside (e.g., not during) the communication gap 2428.

FIG. 25A shows an example of communications via at least two wirelessnetworks (e.g., PLMNs). A first base station 2504 may be associated witha first PLMN and/or a first cell. A second base station 2508 may beassociated with a second PLMN and/or a second cell. The first PLMN maycorrespond to a first RAT (e.g., a first 3GPP access technology such as4G). The second PLMN may correspond to a second RAT (e.g., a second 3GPPaccess technology such as 5G).

A wireless device 2512 may be multi-SIM wireless device. The wirelessdevice 2512 may use a first SIM (e.g., SIM1) to communicate with thefirst PLMN, and a second SIM (e.g., SIM2) to communicate with the secondPLMN. The wireless device 2512 may have an RRC connection with thesecond base station 2508. The wireless device 2512 may be in an RRCconnected state at the second PLMN corresponding to the second basestation 2508. The wireless device 2512 may be dual-registered with thefirst PLMN and the second PLMN. The wireless device 2512 may be in aninactive state or idle state with respect to the first base station2504.

The wireless device 2512 may receive, from the first base station 2504of the first PLMN, signal information of the first cell. The signalinformation may comprise, corresponding to the first cell, tracking areainformation (e.g., tracking area code, TAC, tracking area identifier,TAI, etc.), registration area information (e.g., registration area code,registration area identifier), RAN area information (e.g., RANnotification area identifier, RAN area identifier, cell identifier,etc.), closed subscribe group (CSG) identifier, closed access group(CAG) identifier, network slice information (e.g., S-NSSAI, NSSAI, etc.)of a supported network slice, and/or the like.

The wireless device 2512 may determine to communicate with the firstcell, for example, based on the signal information and/or timerexpiration. The wireless device 2512 may determine to communicate withthe first cell for a tracking area update and/or a registration update,for example, based on the first cell being a new tracking area and/or anew registration area (e.g., different from a previous tracking areaand/or a previous registration area).

The wireless device 2512 may determine, based on the signal information,assistance information for communication with the first PLMN (e.g., thefirst base station 2504 and/or the first cell). The communication maycomprise signals associated with at least one of: a tracking area updateprocedure, a registration update procedure, a RAN area update procedure,packet transmission, small data transmission (e.g., early datatransmission, EDT), a random access process, data or small datareception (e.g., early data transmission, EDT), and/or the like. Thewireless device may determine, based on the signal information, radioresources via which the wireless device may transmit/receive the signalsat the first wireless network (e.g., the first base station 2404 and/orthe first cell). The wireless device 2512 may send (e.g., transmit), tothe second base station 2508, a first message comprising the assistanceinformation (e.g., indication of the radio resources).

The second base station 2508 may determine, based on the assistanceinformation, configuration parameters of a communication gap. Theconfiguration parameters of the communication gap may indicate timeresources and/or frequency resources of the communication gap. Thecommunication gap indicated by the configuration parameters may be thesame as the radio resources indicated by the wireless device 2512, maycomprise the radio resources, and/or may comprise at least a portion ofthe radio resources. The second base station 2508 may send (e.g.,transmit), to the wireless device 2512, a second message indicating theconfiguration parameters of the communication gap.

The wireless device 2512 may receive the second message indicating theconfiguration parameters of the communication gap. The wireless devicemay communicate with the first PLMN (e.g., the first base station 2504and/or the first cell) in/during the communication gap. Thecommunication with the PLMN may comprise at least one of: signalreception/transmission, the tracking area update procedure, theregistration update procedure, the RAN area update procedure, the packettransmission, the small data transmission (e.g., early datatransmission, EDT), random access process, data or small data reception(e.g., early data transmission, EDT), and/or the like.

The wireless device 2512 may stop and/or refrain fromtransmitting/receiving one or more signals to/from the second cell(and/or other serving cells of the wireless device 2512 in the secondPLMN) in/during the communication gap. The wireless device 2512 may stopand/or refrain from monitoring one or more channels in the second cell(and/or the other serving cells) in/during the communication gap. Thewireless device 2512 may be in an idle state with respect to the secondcell (and/or the other serving cells) in/during the communication gap.The second base station 2508 may not assign any resources, to thewireless device 2512, for uplink and/or downlink to/from the second PLMNin the communication gap. The wireless device 2512 may communicate withthe first base station 2504, in/during the communication gap, withoutany interference from the second base station 2508.

The wireless device 2512 may maintain the RRC connection with the secondPLMN (e.g., the second base station 2508) in the communication gap. Thewireless device 2512 may be in an RRC connected state at the secondPLMN, for example, if communicating with the first base station 2504in/during the communication gap.

FIG. 25B shows an example of wireless device communications via twoPLMNs (e.g., a first PLMN and via a second PLMN). The wireless device2512 may transmit/receive signals 2520 to/from the first cell in thefirst PLMN in/during a communication gap 2528. The wireless device 2512may transmit/receive signals to/from the second cell and/or the otherserving cells of the wireless device 2512 in the second PLMN outside(e.g., not during) the communication gap 2528.

FIG. 26 shows an example of communications via at least two basestations. The at least two base stations may comprise, for example, afirst base station 2604 and a second base station 2608. The first basestation 2604 may be associated with a first cell and/or a first wirelessnetwork. The second base station 2608 may be associated with a secondcell and/or a second wireless network. The first base station 2604 andthe second base station 2608 may correspond to a same RAT or maycorrespond to different RATs. A wireless device 2612 may be a multi-SIMwireless device.

At step 2616, the first base station 2604 may send, to the wirelessdevice 2612, a message comprising signal information. The signalinformation may correspond to signal information described above withreference to FIG. 24 and/or FIG. 25. At step 2620, the wireless device2612 may determine assistance information based on the signalinformation. At step 2624, the wireless device 2612 may send, to thesecond base station 2608, a message comprising the assistanceinformation. The assistance information may indicate radio resources(e.g., at the first cell) via which the wireless device 2112transmits/receives signals from the first wireless network (e.g., thefirst base station 2604 and/or the first cell).

At step 2628, the second base station 2608 may determine, based on theassistance information, a communication gap formonitoring/transmitting/receiving signals to/from the first wirelessnetwork. At step 2632, the second base station 2608 may send, to thewireless device 2612, a message indicating the monitoring gap. At step2636, the wireless device 2612 may monitor/transmit/receive signals,to/from the first wireless network, in/during the communication gap.

Provision of gaps (e.g., monitoring gaps and/or communication gaps) mayenable a higher quality of service (e.g., higher throughput that may befacilitated by 5G or other protocols) in a dual-SIM/multi-SIM device.The gaps may enable a wireless device to communicate with a basestation/wireless network without dropping a connection (e.g., an RRCconnection) with another base station/wireless network, therebymaintaining higher quality of service. The gaps may enable the wirelessdevice to access a service configured for high reliability (e.g., aURLLC service, an emergency notification service). A wireless device mayuse the gaps to receive emergency notifications and/or transmit/receiveURLLC data via a wireless network without releasing an RRC connectionwith another wireless network. A wireless device may use the gaps toperform various procedures in a wireless network (e.g., the trackingarea update procedure, the registration update procedure, the RAN areaupdate procedure, etc.) without releasing an RRC connection with anotherwireless network. A wireless device may use the gaps to receive pagingindications in a wireless network without releasing an RRC connectionwith another wireless network.

A wireless device may receive, from a first base station (e.g., of afirst wireless network), at least one system information message (e.g.,at least one SIB and/or at least one information message). The at leastone system information message may comprise signal information (e.g.,the signal information of the first cell, as described above withreference to FIGS. 21-26) of a first cell of the first base station. Thefirst wireless network may comprise a first PLMN. The wireless devicemay correspond to the wireless device 2112, the wireless device 2212,the wireless device 2312, the wireless device 2412, the wireless device2512, and/or the wireless device 2612. The first base station maycorrespond to the first base station 2104, the first base station 2204,the first base station 2304, the first base station 2404, the first basestation 2504, and/or the first base station 2604.

The signal information may comprise paging information. The paginginformation may comprise at least one of: paging search space,pagingSearchSpace, Type2-PDCCH CSS set configured by pagingSearchSpace(e.g., in PDCCH-ConfigCommon for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by aP-RNTI on the primary cell of the MCG), PCCH configuration parameters(e.g., PCCH-Config, paging related configuration) etc. The wirelessdevice may monitor a channel and/or receive a paging indication/message,for example, based on the paging information. The signal information maycomprise cell information of the first cell. The cell information of thefirst cell may comprise at least one of: PLMN identifier of the firstPLMN of the first cell, tracking area information (e.g., tracking areacode, TAC, tracking area identifier, TAI, etc.), registration areainformation (e.g., registration area code, registration areaidentifier), RAN area information (e.g., RAN notification areaidentifier, RAN area identifier, cell identifier, etc.), closedsubscribe group (CSG) identifier, closed access group (CAG) identifier,network slice information (e.g., S-NSSAI, NSSAI, etc.) of a supportednetwork slice, and/or the like. The wireless device may communicate(e.g., initiate an RRC connection, a random access process, etc.) basedon the cell information of the first cell.

The at least one system information message may comprise at least oneof: RRC message (e.g., RRC reconfiguration message, RRC setup message,RRC reestablishment message, RRC resume message, etc.), MIB, SIB1, SIB2,SIBS, and/or the like. The at least one system information message maybe transmitted via physical layer messaging, MAC layer messaging, and/orthe like.

The signal information may comprise configuration information of atleast one of: a paging occasion; a synchronization signal; a referencesignal (e.g., CSI-RS, DM-RS, etc.); an SIB; a multimedia broadcastmulticast service (MBMS); reception/transmission (e.g., downlink/uplinkscheduling information) of transport blocks for at least one service(e.g., emergency service, URLLC service, V2X service, etc.); and/or thelike. The downlink/uplink scheduling information may compriseindications of size, slots, subframes, frequency, periodicity, timingoffset (e.g., quantity of slots/subframes and/or time duration from areference time point (e.g., SFN #0) at the first base station and/or thefirst cell), and/or resource block, etc., corresponding to the transportblocks.

The signal information may comprise paging control channel configurationparameters. The paging control channel configuration parameters maycomprise indications of at least one of: a paging cycle; a paging offset(e.g., paging frame offset); a number of paging occasions per pagingframe; a first PDCCH monitoring occasion for paging of a paging occasionof a paging frame (e.g., firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO); and/or thelike. Indications of a paging offset may comprise indications of size,slots, subframes, frequency, periodicity, and/or timing offset (e.g., anumber of slots/subframes and/or a time duration from a reference timepoint (e.g., SFN #0) at the first base station and/or the first cell).

The at least one system information message (e.g., the signalinformation, the configuration information, the paging control channelconfiguration parameters, etc.) may comprise indications of at least oneof: PDCCH configuration parameters (e.g., pdcch-Config,pdcch-ConfigSIB1, etc.), beam subcarrier offset parameter (e.g.,ssb-SubcarrierOffset), subcarrier spacing information (e.g.,subCarrierSpacingCommon), system frame number (e.g., systemFrameNumber),and/or the like. The PDCCH configuration parameters may compriseinformation of a common ControlResourceSet (CORESET), a common searchspace, and/or necessary PDCCH parameters. A field of the PDCCHconfiguration parameters (e.g., pdcch-ConfigSIB1) may indicate frequencypositions where the wireless device may find SS/PBCH block with SIB1 ora frequency range where a wireless network (e.g., the first wirelessnetwork of the first base station) may not provide SS/PBCH block withSIB1, for example, if a field of the beam subcarrier offset parameter(e.g., ssb-SubcarrierOffset) indicates that SIB1 is not present. Apaging indication for the wireless device may be transmitted via thePBCH. The beam subcarrier offset parameter (e.g., ssb-SubcarrierOffset)may correspond to a frequency domain offset k_SSB between SSB and anoverall resource block grid in number of subcarriers. A value range ofthe beam subcarrier offset parameter may be extended by an additionalmost significant bit (MSB) encoded within PBCH. The beam subcarrieroffset parameter may indicate that a cell (e.g., the first cell) doesnot provide SIB1 and that there is no CORESET (e.g., CORESET #0)configured in MIB. The field of the PDCCH configuration parameters(e.g., pdcch-ConfigSIB1) may indicate frequency positions where thewireless device may (or may not) find a SS/PBCH with a control resourceset and/or search space for SIB1, for example, if the beam subcarrieroffset parameter indicates that the cell (e.g., the first cell) does notprovide SIB1 and that there is no CORESET #0 configured in MIB.

The subcarrier spacing information (e.g., subCarrierSpacingCommon) mayindicate subcarrier spacing for SIB1, Msg 2/4 for initial access,paging, and/or broadcast SI-messages. A value (such as scs15or60) maycorrespond to a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, and/or a value (such asscs30or120) may correspond to a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing, for example,if the wireless device acquires the at least one system informationmessage (e.g., MIB) on a carrier frequency that is less than 6 GHz. Avalue (such as scs15or60) may correspond to 60 kHz and/or a value (suchas scs30or120) may correspond to 120 kHz, for example, if the wirelessdevice acquires the at least one system information message (e.g., MIB)on a carrier frequency that is greater than 6 GHz. The system framenumber (e.g., systemFrameNumber) may indicate 6 MSB of a 10-bit SFN (orany other quantity of MSBs of a SFN). 4 LSBs of the SFN may be indicatedin a PBCH transport block as part of channel coding (e.g., outside theMIB encoding).

The at least one system information message (e.g., SIB1, the signalinformation, the paging information, the cell information) may compriseserving cell configuration parameters (e.g., servingCellConfig(dedicated), servingCellConfigCommon, servingCellConfigCommonSlB, etc.).The serving cell configuration parameters may comprise at least one of:beam configuration parameters (e.g., for SSB, CSI-RS, etc.), uplinkconfiguration parameters, and/or downlink configuration parameters(e.g., DownlinkConfig (dedicated), DownlinkConfigCommon,DownlinkConfigCommonSIB, etc.) of the first cell. The downlinkconfiguration parameters may comprise at least one of: BWP downlinkconfiguration parameters (e.g., BWP-DownlinkCommon, BWP-Downlink(dedicated)), PCCH configuration parameters (e.g., PCCH-Config, pagingrelated configuration), and/or the like. The BWP downlink configurationparameters may comprise PDCCH configuration parameters (e.g.,PDCCH-ConfigCommon, PDCCH-Config (dedicated)) comprising informationcorresponding to a paging search space (e.g., pagingSearchSpace). Theinformation corresponding to the paging search space may indicate anidentifier of a search space for paging (e.g., indicating Type2-PDCCHCSS set).

FIG. 27 shows example PCCH configuration parameters (e.g., PCCH-Config).The PCCH configuration parameters may comprise at least one of: pagingcycle information (e.g., defaultPagingCycle), PO information (e.g.,firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO), PF/slot offset information (e.g.,nAndPagingFrameOffset), number of POs (e.g., ns), and/or the like. ThePF/slot offset information may comprise a quantity of slots/subframesand/or a time duration from a reference time point (e.g., SFN #0).

FIG. 28 shows descriptions of the example PCCH configuration parameters.The paging cycle information (e.g., defaultPagingCycle) of the PCCHconfiguration parameters may indicate a default paging cycle, which maybe used to derive DRX cycle of the wireless device (e.g., T). T may bedetermined as the shortest one of a wireless device-specific DRX valueof the wireless device, if configured by RRC and/or upper layers, and adefault DRX value broadcasted in a system information message. Thedefault DRX value may be applied, for example, if a wirelessdevice-specific DRX value is not configured by RRC messaging and/or byupper layers. A defaultPagingCycle value rf32 may indicate that thedefault paging cycle is 32 radio frames. A defaultPagingCycle value rf64may indicate that the default paging cycle is 64 radio frames, and soon. The PO information (e.g., firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO) of thePCCH configuration parameters may indicate first PDCCH monitoringoccasion for paging of PO of a PF.

The PF offset information (e.g., nAndPagingFrameOffset) of the PCCHconfiguration parameters may be used to determine a number N of totalPFs in T (e.g., DRX cycle of the wireless device) and/or PF offset(e.g., PF_offset). A value (such as oneSixteenthT) may correspond toT/16. A value (such as oneEighthT) may correspond to T/8, and so on. Thequantity/number N of total PFs in T may be based on SSB periodicity(e.g., ssb-periodicityServingCell).: N may be set to, for example, if apaging search space (e.g., pagingSearchSpace) is set to zero and if RMSImultiplexing pattern is 2 or 3: one of {oneT, halfT, quarterT,oneEighthT, oneSixteenthT} for ssb-periodicityServingCell of 5 or 10 ms;one of {halfT, quarterT, oneEighthT, oneSixteenthT} forssb-periodicityServingCell of 20 ms; one of {quarterT, oneEighthT,oneSixteenthT} for ssb-periodicityServingCell of 40 ms; one of{oneEighthT, oneSixteenthT} for ssb-periodicityServingCell of 80 ms;and/or oneSixteenthT for ssb-periodicityServingCell of 160 ms. N may beset to one of {halfT, quarterT, oneEighthT, oneSixteenthT}, for example,if a paging search space (e.g., pagingSearchSpace) is set to zero and ifRMSI multiplexing pattern is 1. N may be set to one of {oneT, halfT,quarterT, oneEighthT, oneSixteenthT}, for example, if a paging searchspace (e.g., pagingSearchSpace) is not set to zero. The PCCHconfiguration parameters may indicate a number of paging occasions perpaging frame (e.g., ns).

The wireless device may determine, based on the at least one systeminformation message (e.g., the signal information, the paginginformation, and/or the cell information), information such asassistance information (e.g., the assistance information as describedabove with reference to FIGS. 21-26). The assistance information may befor monitoring of signals from the first wireless network (e.g., via thefirst cell and/or the first base station) and/or for communication withthe first wireless network (e.g., via the first cell and/or the firstbase station). The wireless device may send the assistance informationto a second base station (e.g., associated with a second wirelessnetwork and/or a second cell). The second base station may correspond tothe second base station 2108, the second base station 2208, the secondbase station 2308, the second base station 2408, the second base station2508, or the second base station 2608. The second wireless network maybe a second PLMN.

The wireless device may determine the assistance information formonitoring/receiving paging indications from the first wireless network(e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell), for example, basedon the signal information and/or the paging information (e.g., pagingcontrol channel configuration parameters). The wireless device maydetermine, based on the signal information, radio resources (e.g., atthe first cell) via which the wireless device monitors/receives pagingindications from the first wireless network (e.g., the first basestation and/or the first cell). The radio resources may be, for example,frequency resources and/or time resources. The radio resources formonitoring/receiving paging indications may be based on at least one of:the paging cycle information, the paging occasion information, thepaging frame offset information, the number of paging occasions, the BWPdownlink configuration parameters, the PCCH configuration parameters,the frequency positions where the wireless device may find SS/PBCHblock, and/or the like. The assistance information may indicate at leastone of a periodicity (e.g., of paging occasions, pagingframes/subframes/slots, etc.), a timing offset (e.g., of pagingoccasions, paging frames/subframes/slots, etc.), a size/duration (e.g.,of paging indications/occasions), and/or the like.

The wireless device may determine, based on the signal information(e.g., the cell information, configuration information of the referencesignal, the SIB, the MBMS, the reception/transmission of transportblocks for the at least one service, etc.), the assistance informationfor monitoring/receiving packets/data from the first wireless network(e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell). The packets/datamay correspond to a broadcast signal, downlink packets, etc. Themonitoring/receiving packets/data may comprise monitoring/receiving atleast one of: packets for services, packets for a V2X service, packetsfor a URLLC service, emergency data, packets for a broadcast/multicastservice, system information blocks (e.g., MIB, SIB1, SIB2, etc.), and/orthe like. The wireless device may determine, based on the signalinformation, radio resources (e.g., at the first cell).) via which thewireless device may monitor/receive packets/data from the first wirelessnetwork (e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell). The radioresources may be, for example, frequency resources and/or timeresources. The radio resources for monitoring/reception packets/data maybe based on at least one of: the configuration information of the MBMSand/or reception/transmission of transport blocks for the at least oneservice (e.g., emergency service, URLLC service, V2X service, etc.), theBWP downlink configuration parameters, the PDCCH configurationparameters, the beam subcarrier offset parameters, subcarrier spacinginformation, the frequency information, the CORESET parameters, and/orthe like.

The wireless device may determine, based on the signal information(e.g., the cell information, the configuration information of thereference signal and/or the reception/transmission of transport blocksfor the at least one service, the system information block, etc.), theassistance information for communication with the first wireless network(e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell). The communicationmay comprise signals associated with at least one of: a tracking areaupdate procedure, a registration update procedure, a RAN area updateprocedure, packet transmission, small data transmission (e.g., earlydata transmission, EDT), a random access process, data or small datareception (e.g., early data transmission, EDT), and/or the like.

The wireless device may determine to communicate with the first wirelessnetwork for the tracking area update and/or the registration update, forexample, based on the first cell being a new tracking area and/or a newregistration area (e.g., different from a previous tracking area and/ora previous registration area). The wireless device may determine tocommunicate with the first wireless network for the RAN area update, forexample, based on the first cell being a new RAN area (e.g., differentfrom a previous RAN area). The wireless device may determine tocommunicate with the first wireless network for thetracking/registration/RAN area update at the first cell, for example,based on expiration of a corresponding periodic area update timer. Thewireless device may determine to communicate with the first wirelessnetwork for the packet transmission and/or the small data transmission,for example, based on the wireless device generating packets/data tosend (e.g., transmit) for one or more services. The wireless device maydetermine to communicate with the first wireless network for the randomaccess process and/or the data or small data reception, for example,based on the wireless device generating packets/data to send (e.g.,transmit) for one or more services and/or receiving a paging indicationfrom the first wireless network (e.g., from the first base stationand/or via the first cell).

The wireless device may determine, based on the signal information,radio resources (e.g., at the first cell) via which the wireless devicemay communicate with the first wireless network (e.g., the first basestation and/or the first cell). The radio resources may be, for example,frequency resources and/or time resources. The radio resources forcommunication with the first wireless network may be based on at leastone of: the cell information (e.g., the PLMN identifier, the trackingarea information, the registration area information, the RAN areainformation, the CSG identifier, the CAG identifier, the network sliceinformation, etc.), the configuration information of the referencesignal and/or of the reception/transmission of transport blocks for theat least one service, the configuration information of the SIB, theserving cell configuration parameters, and/or the like. The cellinformation may be based on need of roaming, periodic/event-based areaupdate, membership verification, etc. The radio resources may bedetermined based on a time duration needed for the communication, a sizeof data for the packet transmission and/or the small data transmission,a size of data for the data or small data reception, a QoS (e.g.,priority, type of service, QCI, 5QI, etc.) of the data for thepacket/data transmission/reception and/or the small datatransmission/reception, and/or the like. The wireless device maydetermine the radio resources based on a paging indication from thefirst wireless network (e.g., the first base station and/or the firstcell) for the communication (e.g., access request and/or the data orsmall data reception). The paging indication may indicate the size ofthe data for the data reception or small data reception.

The wireless device may determine, based on the radio resources,information associated with an occasion for communications via the firstwireless network. The wireless device may determine at least one of aperiodicity of the occasion, a timing offset of the occasion, and/or asize of the occasion (e.g., a time duration). The timing offset may be anumber of slots/subframes and/or time duration from a reference timepoint (e.g., SFN #0) at the second base station and/or the second cell.Time resources indicated by the periodicity, the timing offset, and/orthe size of occasion (e.g., in time domain) may be same as the radioresources, may comprise the radio resources, and/or may comprise atleast a portion of the radio resources.

The wireless device may determine frequency information based on theradio resources. The wireless device may determine the frequencyinformation based on the BWP downlink configuration parameters, thefrequency positions, the frequency information, the PDCCH configurationparameters, the beam subcarrier offset parameters, the CORESETparameters, etc. The frequency information may comprise at least one of:a frequency; a bandwidth; a combination of bands; a carrier; asubcarrier; a bandwidth part; a beam (e.g., spatial domain information;SS, CSI-RS, etc.); and/or the like. The frequency information (e.g., infrequency domain) may be same as the radio resources, may comprise theradio resources, and/or may comprise at least a portion the radioresources. The frequency information may comprise an indication of aband (e.g., carrier, frequency), for example, if the band operates in asame band combination and/or a same RF/RF chain as the radio resourcesfor the monitoring/receiving paging indications, for themonitoring/receiving packets/data, and/or for the communication. Thismay reduce RF/RF chain switching, for example, if switchingcommunications between the first wireless network and the secondwireless network. The assistance information may comprise theperiodicity of the occasion, the timing offset of the occasion, and/orthe size of the occasion determined based on the radio resources and/orthe frequency information determined based on the radio resources.

The wireless device may determine, based on the signal information, theassistance information indicating available resources at the secondwireless network (e.g., the second base station, the second cell). Thewireless device may determine the available resources based on the atleast one system information message comprising DRX configurationparameters, power saving mode (PSM) configuration parameters, resourcegap (e.g., monitoring gap, communication gap, timing gap, etc.)configuration parameters, and/or the like at the first wireless network(e.g., the first base station, the first cell). The wireless device maydetermine the available resources based on the at least one systeminformation message indicating activation of the DRX configurationparameters, the PSM configuration parameters, a resource gap of theresource gap configuration parameters, and/or the like. The at least onesystem information message may be DCI, MAC CE, or an RRC messagecomprising an activation indication indicating activation of the DRXconfiguration parameters. The assistance information may comprise DRXconfiguration parameters of the wireless device at the first basestation and/or a wireless device identifier of the wireless device atthe first cell. The assistance information may be based on at least oneof: the DRX configuration parameters at the first base station; thewireless device identifier (e.g., TMSI, 5G-S-TMSI, IMSI, etc.) of thewireless device at the first cell; and/or the like. The assistanceinformation may comprise the DRX configuration parameters and/or theresource gap configuration parameters of the wireless device at thefirst wireless network (e.g., the first base station and/or the firstcell). The resource gap configuration parameters may be in a subframestructure of the second base station and/or the second cell. Theresource gap configuration parameters may be time shifted by a timingsynchronization gap (e.g., a time difference of SFN #0) between thefirst cell and the second cell. The assistance information (e.g., forthe paging monitoring/receiving) may be based on at least one of: theDRX configuration parameters at the first wireless network (e.g., thefirst base station and/or the first cell); a wireless device identifier(e.g., TMSI, 5G-S-TMSI) of the wireless device at the first wirelessnetwork (e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell); and/or thelike. The second base station (e.g., the second wireless network) mayconfigure uplink/downlink resources for the wireless device based on theavailable resources (e.g., the uplink/downlink resources may be equal toand/or subset of the available resources).

The wireless device may determine, based on the signal information, theassistance information indicating available frequencies (e.g., one ormore bands, one or more band combinations) at the second wirelessnetwork (e.g., the second base station, the second cell). The wirelessdevice may determine the available frequencies based on the availablefrequencies not overlapping a serving frequency of the first wirelessnetwork (e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell). Thewireless device may determine the available frequencies based on theavailable frequencies being configured for the resource gap. Thewireless device may determine the available frequencies based on theavailable frequencies not operating in a same band combination and/or asame RF/RF chain with the radio resources for the monitoring/receivingpaging indications, for the monitoring/receiving packets/data, and/orfor the communication. The second base station (e.g., the secondwireless network) may configure uplink/downlink resources for thewireless device based on the available frequencies (e.g., theuplink/downlink resources may be equal to and/or subset of the availablefrequencies).

The assistance information may comprise indication of radio resourcesthat are to be avoided, by the wireless base station, for communicatingwith the second wireless network and/or radio resources configured bythe wireless device at the first wireless network. The assistanceinformation may comprise, for example, at least one of the periodicityof the occasion, the timing offset of the occasion, the size of theoccasion, the frequency information of the occasion, etc. The assistanceinformation may indicate that the wireless device is a multi-SIM device(e.g., a dual-SIM device).

The assistance information may comprise at least one of: an indicationthat the assistance information is for monitoring the first wirelessnetwork (e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell); anindication (e.g., a PLMN identifier) of a PLMN (e.g., the first PLMN) ofthe first base station or the first cell; and/or the like. Theassistance information may comprise at least one of: an indication thatthe assistance information is for a V2X service at the first wirelessnetwork; an indication that the assistance information is for anemergency service at the first wireless network; an indication that theassistance information is for a URLLC service at the first wirelessnetwork; an indication of a QoS and/or a priority of a service at thefirst wireless network; an indication that the assistance information isfor a primary network (e.g., high priority network); and/or the like.The first wireless network may be the primary network of the wirelessdevice.

The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit), to the second basestation and based on the signal information, a first message comprisingthe assistance information for the signal monitoring and/or signaltransmission/reception at the first wireless network (e.g., the firstbase station and/or the first cell). The assistance information for thesignal monitoring and/or signal transmission/reception may comprise: theradio resources for monitoring/receiving paging indications from thefirst wireless network, the radio resources for monitoring/receivingpackets/data from the first wireless network, and/or the radio resourcesfor communication in the first wireless network. The first message maycomprise at least one uplink RRC message. The at least uplink RRCmessage may comprise at least one of: a wireless device assistanceinformation message, a wireless device capability information message,an uplink information transfer message, a wireless device informationmessage, an RRC message (e.g., an RRC setup request message, an RRCreestablishment request message, an RRC resume request message, an RRCsetup complete message, an RRC reestablishment complete message, an RRCresume complete message, an RRC reconfiguration complete message, etc.),and/or the like. The first message may comprise a MAC layer indication(e.g., MAC CE), a PHY layer indication (e.g., UCI), an indication viaany other layer, and/or the like. The wireless device may receive aninformation request message from the second base station, and thewireless device may send the first message based on (e.g., in responseto) the information request message. The wireless device may receive aninformation response message indicating a response to/an acknowledgementof the first message.

The second base station may determine, based on the assistanceinformation, configuration parameters of the gap (e.g., a monitoring gapand/or a communication gap). The gap may be in a time domain and/or in afrequency domain. The gap may be for monitoring/receiving pagingindications, for monitoring/receiving packets/data, and/or forcommunication of the wireless device at the first wireless network(e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell). The second basestation may not assign uplink/downlink resources (e.g., dedicateduplink/downlink resources) for the wireless device in the gap. Thesecond base station may not send/transmit signals to the wireless deviceand/or receive signals from the wireless device in the gap. The gap maybe configured as periodic radio resources and/or a time duration ofradio resources. The second base station may configure gap periodicity,gap time offset, and/or gap size, for example, if configuring periodicradio resources for the gap. The second base station may configure gapduration and/or gap offset, for example, if configuring the timeduration for the gap.

FIG. 29 shows example configuration parameters of a resource/gap. Theresource/gap may be determined by the second wireless device. Theconfiguration parameters may be indicated in a gap configuration field(e.g., GapConfig field, MonitoringGapConfig field,CommunicationGapConfig field, and/or MutingGapConfig field).

The configuration parameters of the gap (e.g., wireless resource, timeduration, occassion, offset, etc.) may indicate, for the gap, at leastone of: a gap periodicity; a gap time offset; a gap size (e.g., a timeduration of each gap occasion); a gap duration (e.g., a time duration ofentire configured gap); and/or the like. The gap time offset may be anumber of slots/subframes and/or time duration from a reference timepoint (e.g., SFN #0) at the second base station and/or the second cell.The configuration parameters may indicate, for the gap, gap frequencyinformation and/or spatial information. The gap frequency informationand/or spatial information may comprise at least one of: a frequency; abandwidth; a combination of bands; a carrier; a subcarrier; a bandwidthpart; a beam (e.g., SS, CSI-RS, etc.); and/or the like. The gapfrequency information may indicate frequency domain resources associatedwith the gap. The configuration parameters may comprise configurationsof a PSM, a DRX cycle, a measurement gap, a monitoring gap, acommunication gap, and/or the like. The gap indicated by theconfiguration parameters (e.g., in a time domain and/or in a frequencydomain) may be the same as resources indicated by the assistanceinformation, may comprise resources indicated by the assistanceinformation, and/or may comprise at least a portion of resourcesindicated by the assistance information. The gap indicated by theconfiguration parameters (e.g., in a time domain and/or in a frequencydomain) may be the same as the radio resources determined by thewireless device (e.g., for communicating with the first wirelessnetwork), may comprise the radio resources, and/or may comprise at leasta portion of the radio resources.

FIG. 30 shows example configuration parameters of a resource/gap. Theresource/gap may be, for example, a resource/gap as indicated in a gapconfiguration field (e.g., GapConfig field). Parameters gapFR1 andgapFR2 may indicate gap configurations corresponding to frequencies FR1and FR2, respectively. Parameter gapUE may indicate gap configurationscorresponding to both frequencies FR1 and FR2. Parameters gapFR1 andgapFR2 may (or may not) be configured, for example, if parameter gapUEis configured. Parameter gapOffset may indicate the gap offset.Parameter gI may indicate a length of the gap (e.g., in ms). Parametergrp may indicate a repetition period of the gap (e.g., in ms). Parametergta may indicate a gap timing advance (e.g., in ms). The gap timingadvance may be time duration by which a gap is advanced from an end of asubframe that is before (e.g., immediately before) a gap that may beconfigured among serving cells.

A third base station may configure the configuration parameters of thegap for the wireless device. The third base station may comprise atleast one of: a secondary base station (e.g., in dual connectivity) forthe wireless device, a handover source base station of the wirelessdevice, a handover target base station of the wireless device, and/orthe like.

The configuration parameters of the gap may comprise at least one of:cell configuration parameters (e.g., parameters indicating secondarycell addition, secondary cell removal, and/or secondary cellmodification), bandwidth part configuration parameters, handoverparameters (e.g., handover command), and/or the like. The second basestation may remove/deactivate a secondary cell of the wireless device,for example, if a carrier of the secondary cell overlaps the radioresources indicated by the assistance information. The second basestation may remove/deactivate a first bandwidth part of the wirelessdevice, for example, if at least a portion of the first bandwidth partoverlaps the radio resources indicated by the assistance information.The second base station may initiate an inter-band (e.g.,inter-frequency) handover, for example, if a carrier of a primary cellof the wireless device overlaps the radio resources indicated by theassistance information.

The configuration parameters of the gap may indicate resourceconfiguration parameters. The second base station may determine theresource configuration parameters based on the available resourcesindicated by the assistance information. The second base station maydetermine the resource configuration parameters indicating resourcesthat the wireless device may use. The resource configuration parametersmay indicate at least one of: a secondary cell addition, a secondarycell modification, and/or a secondary cell activation for a secondarycell of the wireless device, a second bandwidth part activation of asecond bandwidth part, and/or uplink/downlink resource assignments forthe wireless device. The resource configuration parameters may indicatethe available resources as indicated in the assistance information(e.g., uplink/downlink radio resources, secondary cell, second bandwidthpart, etc.).

The second base station may determine the configuration parameters ofthe gap based on the indication that the wireless device is a multi-SIMdevice (e.g., a dual-SIM device). The second base station may determinethe configuration parameters of the gap based on at least one of: theindication that the assistance information is to monitor the firstwireless network; the indication (e.g., the PLMN identifier) of the PLMN(e.g., the first PLMN) of the first base station or the first cell;and/or the like. The second base station may assign the gap for thewireless device, for example, if the PLMN is allowed (e.g. contracted orassigned) to cooperate with/is collocated with the second wirelessnetwork. The second base station may determine the configurationparameters of the gap based on at least one of: the indication that theassistance information is for the V2X service at the first wirelessnetwork; the indication that the assistance information is for theemergency service at the first wireless network; the indication that theassistance information is for the URLLC service at the first wirelessnetwork; the indication of the QoS and/or the priority of the service atthe first wireless network; the indication that the assistanceinformation is for the primary network (e.g., high priority network);and/or the like. The second base station may determine to configure thegap, for example, if the services (e.g., the V2X service, the emergencyservice, the URLLC service, and/or the service with the QoS and/or thepriority) at the first wireless network are more important/urgent and/orhave a higher priority than one or more services of the wireless deviceat the second wireless network. The second base station maydegrade/deprioritize the one or more services of the wireless device atthe second wireless network in the gap. The second base station maydetermine to configure the gap, for example, if the first wirelessnetwork is the primary network of the wireless device and/or if thesecond wireless network is a secondary/supplementary network of thewireless device.

The second base station may send (e.g., transmit), to the wirelessdevice, a second message indicating the gap (e.g., the monitoring gapand/or the communication gap). The second message may comprise theconfiguration parameters of the gap. The second message may comprise theinformation response message indicating the response to/theacknowledgement of the first message. The second message may comprise atleast one of: a downlink RRC message (e.g., an RRC reconfigurationmessage, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, an RRC setupmessage, an RRC reestablishment message, an RRC resume message, etc.), aMAC layer indication (e.g., a downlink MAC CE), a PHY layer indication(e.g., a downlink control indication, DCI, a PDCCH indication), etc.

The second message may comprise, for the gap, at least one of:parameters for a PSM; parameters for DRX; parameters for a measurementgap; parameters for a paging gap; parameters for a system informationgap; and/or the like. The second message may comprise at least one of:an activation indication of the PSM, an activation indication of theDRX, a deactivation indication of the secondary cell, a handover commandfor the inter-band handover, a bandwidth part switching indication ofthe first bandwidth part, and/or the like.

The wireless device may stop and/or refrain from, transmitting to thesecond wireless network (e.g., the second base station and/or the secondcell) in/during the gap. The wireless device may stop and/or refrainfrom transmitting at least one of: transport blocks; sounding referencesignals; CSI reports; and/or the like. The wireless device may stopand/or refrain from monitoring channels and/or receiving signals fromthe second wireless network (e.g., the second base station, the secondcell, neighboring cells of the second cell) in/during the gap. Thewireless device may stop and/or refrain from monitoring/receiving, atleast one of: a PDCCH; a PDSCH; a reference signal; transport blocks;and/or the like.

The wireless device may monitor, based on the monitoring gap, at leastone signal of the first cell. An occasion of the at least one signal maycomprise at least one of: a subframe; an OFDM symbol; and/or the like.The wireless device may use radio resources of the gap for at least oneof: the monitoring/receiving paging indications at the first wirelessnetwork, the monitoring/receiving packets/data at the first wirelessnetwork, and/or the communication at the first wireless network.

The wireless device may monitor a paging occasion and/or receive apaging indication via the gap from the first wireless network (e.g., thefirst base station and/or the first cell). The wireless device maymonitor/receive packets/data (e.g., broadcast signal, downlink packets,etc.) via the gap from the first wireless network (e.g., the first basestation and/or the first cell). The monitoring/receiving thepackets/data may comprise monitoring/receiving at least one of: packetsfor services, packets for a V2X service, packets for a URLLC service,emergency data, packets for a broadcast/multicast service, SIBs (e.g.,SIB1, SIB2, etc.), MIBs, and/or the like.

The wireless device may communicate with the first wireless network(e.g., the first base station and/or the first cell) via the gap that isconfigured at the second wireless network (e.g., the second base stationand/or the second cell). The communication with the first wirelessnetwork may comprise at least one of: signal reception/transmission, thetracking area update procedure, the registration update procedure, theRAN area update procedure, the packet transmission, the small datatransmission (e.g., early data transmission, EDT), random accessprocess, data or small data reception (e.g., early data transmission,EDT), and/or the like.

The signal reception/transmission may comprise reception/transmission ofsignals comprising at least one of: a paging indication; asynchronization signal; a reference signal; an SIB; transport blocks forMBMS; transport blocks for at least one service (e.g., an emergencyservice, a URLLC service, a V2X service, etc.); and/or the like. Thewireless device may send (e.g., transmit), to the first base station andbased on (e.g., in response to) receiving the signal (e.g., the pagingindication), a random access preamble for at least one of: an RRCconnection procedure; a registration update procedure; a tracking areaupdate procedure; a RAN area update procedure; an early datatransmission; a data transmission; and/or the like.

The wireless device may communicate with the first wireless network viathe gap for the tracking area update procedure and/or the registrationupdate procedure, for example, based on the first cell being a newtracking area and/or a new registration area (e.g., different from aprevious tracking area and/or a previous registration area). Thewireless device may communicate with the first wireless network via thegap for the RAN area update procedure, for example, based on the firstcell being a new RAN area (e.g., different from a previous RAN area).The wireless device may communicate with the first wireless network viathe gap for the tracking area update procedure/the registration areaupdate procedure/the RAN area update procedure at the first cell basedon expiration of a corresponding periodic area update timer.

The wireless device may communicate with the first wireless network viathe gap for the packet transmission and/or the small data transmission,for example, based on the wireless device generating/getting (e.g., fromhigher layers) packets/data to transmit for one or more services (e.g.,a V2X service, an emergency service, a URLLC service, and/or highpriority services). The wireless device may communicate with the firstwireless network via the gap for the random access process and/or thedata or small data reception, for example, based on the wireless devicegenerating/getting packets/data to transmit for one or more services(e.g., a V2X service, an emergency service, a URLLC service, and/or highpriority services) and/or based on receiving a paging indication (e.g.,indicating downlink data for V2X services, emergency services, URLLCservices, and/or high priority services) from the first wireless network(e.g., from the first base station and/or via the first cell).

The wireless device may maintain the RRC connection with the secondwireless network (e.g., the second base station), for example, if thewireless device is at least one of: monitoring/receiving the pagingindications, monitoring/receiving the packet/data, and/or thecommunicating at the first wireless network (e.g., the first basestation and/or the first cell). The wireless device may be in an RRCconnected state at the second wireless network of the second basestation, for example, during at least one of: the monitoring/receivingthe paging indications, the monitoring/receiving the packet/data, and/orthe communicating at the first wireless network. The wireless device maytransmit/receive, to/from the second wireless network (e.g., the secondbase station and/or the second cell), transport blocks and/or controlsignals on/via one or more resources other than the gap. The wirelessdevice may monitor one or more resources other than the gap on thesecond wireless network.

FIG. 31 shows an example method for communicating in a resoure/gap(e.g., monitoring gap and/or communication gap). The example methodshown in FIG. 31 may be performed by, for example, a wireless device. Atstep 3104, The wireless device may receive, from a first base station,at least one SIB comprising signal information of a first cell of thefirst base station. The first base station may correspond to a firstPLMN (e.g., PLMN1). At step 3112, the wireless device may determineassistance information for a gap (e.g., a resource gap) at a second basestation, for example, if the wireless device determines it has toreceive/transmit signals from/to the first base station. The second basestation may correspond to a second PLMN (e.g., PLMN2). At step 3116, thewireless device may send (e.g., transmit), to the second base stationand based on the signal information, a first message comprisingassistance information for signal monitoring/reception/transmission. Theassistance information may indicate a periodicity and/or a timingoffset. At step 3124, the wireless device may stop and/or refrain fromtransmitting/receiving signals to/from the second base station in thegap, for example, if the wireless device receives a second messageindicating configuration parameters of the gap. At step 3128, thewireless device may monitor, based on the gap, at least one channel ofthe first cell from the first base station. The wireless device mayreceive a signal (e.g., a paging indication) from the first basestation, for example, based on the monitoring. The wireless device maysend (e.g., transmit), to the first base station and in/during the gap,a signal.

FIG. 32 shows an example method or communicating in a resource/gap(e.g., monitoring gap and/or communication gap). The example methodshown in FIG. 32 may be performed by, for example, a base station. Atstep 3208, the base station may configure an RRC connection with awireless device. At step 3212, the base station may determineconfiguration parameters for a gap based on assistance information, forexample, if the base station receives the assistance information of thegap from the wireless device. The assistance information may be formonitoring signals, at the wireless device, from another base station.The assistance information may be for transmitting/receiving signalsto/from another base station. At step 3216, the base station may send(e.g., transmit) the configuration parameters to the wireless device. Atstep 3220, the base station may stop and/or refrain from assigninguplink and/or downlink resources for the wireless device in the gap;and/or may stop and/or refrain from transmitting/receiving signalsto/from the wireless device in/during the gap.

The wireless device may maintain an RRC connection with the second basestation, for example, if receiving (e.g., during a reception of) asignal from the first base station. The wireless device may be in an RRCconnected state at the second wireless network of the second basestation, for example, if receiving (e.g., during the reception of) thesignal from the first base station. The signal may comprise at least oneof: a paging indication; a synchronization signal; a reference signal;an SIB; transport blocks for MBMS; transport blocks for at least oneservice (e.g., emergency service, URLLC service, V2X service, etc.);and/or the like. The signal information transmitted by the first basestation may comprise configuration information of at least one of: apaging occasion; a synchronization signal; a reference signal (e.g.,CSI-RS, DM-RS, etc.); an SIB; an MBMS; reception of transport blocks forat least one service (e.g., emergency service, URLLC service, V2Xservice, etc.); and/or the like. In an example, the wireless device maybe a a multi-SIM (dual SIM) device.

The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit), to the first base stationand based on (e.g., in response to) receiving the signal, a randomaccess preamble for at least one of: an RRC connection procedure; aregistration update procedure; a tracking area update procedure; a RANarea update procedure; an early data transmission; a data transmission;and/or the like. The second message may comprise configurationparameters of the gap. The configuration parameters may indicate atleast one of: a gap periodicity; a gap time offset; a gap size; and/orthe like. The configuration parameters may indicate at least one of: afrequency; a bandwidth; a combination of bands; a carrier; a subcarrier;a bandwidth part; a beam (e.g., SS, CSI-RS, etc.); and/or the like. Thesecond base station may determine, based on the assistance information,the configuration parameters of the gap.

The second message may comprise at least one of: an RRC message; a MACCE; a PDCCH signal; DCI; and/or the like. The second message maycomprise, for the monitoring gap, at least one of: configurationparameters for DRX; configuration parameters for a measurement gap;configuration parameters for a paging gap; configuration parameters fora system information gap; and/or the like.

The assistance information may comprise DRX configuration parameters ofthe wireless device at the first base station. The assistanceinformation may be based on at least one of: DRX configurationparameters at the first base station; a wireless device identifier ofthe wireless device at the first cell; and/or the like.

The signal information may comprise paging control channel configurationparameters. The paging control channel configuration parameters maycomprise at least one of: a paging cycle indication; a paging frameoffset indication; an indication of a number of paging occasions perpaging frame; an indication of a first PDCCH monitoring occasion forpaging of a paging occasion of a paging frame (e.g.,firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO); and/or the like.

The first base station may correspond to a first RAT (e.g., firstsystem, first network). The second base station may correspond to asecond radio access technology (e.g., second system, second network).The first base station may be for a first PLMN. The second base stationmay be for a second PLMN. The first cell may correspond to a first RAT(e.g., first system, first network). A second cell of the second basestation may correspond to a second RAT (e.g., second system, secondnetwork). The first cell of the first base station may be for the firstPLMN. The second cell of the second base station may be for the secondPLMN.

The assistance information may indicate a size of occasion (e.g., a timeduration of occasion). The assistance information may compriseinformation corresponding to resources that are affected and/or assistedby the assistance information. The information corresponding to theresources may indicate at least one of: a frequency; a bandwidth; acombination of bands; a carrier; a subcarrier; a bandwidth part; a beam(e.g., SS, CSI-RS, etc.); and/or the like. The assistance informationmay indicate that the wireless device is a multi-SIM device (e.g., adual SIM device). The assistance information may comprise at least oneof: an indication that the assistance information is to monitor a firstnetwork of the first base station or the first cell; an indication of aPLMN (e.g., the first PLMN) of the first base station or the first cell;and/or the like. The assistance information may comprise at least oneof: an indication that the assistance information is for a V2X serviceat the first network of the first base station or the first cell; anindication that the assistance information is for an emergency serviceat the first network of the first base station or the first cell; anindication that the assistance information is for a URLLC service at thefirst network of the first base station or the first cell; an indicationof a QoS and/or a priority of a service at the first network of thefirst base station or the first cell; an indication that the assistanceinformation is for a primary (e.g., high priority network) network,wherein the first network of the first base station or the first cell isthe primary network of the wireless device; and/or the like.

The wireless device may stop and/or refrain from transmitting, to thesecond network of the second base station (e.g., in/during themonitoring gap), at least one of: transport blocks; sounding referencesignals; CSI reports; and/or the like. The wireless device may stopand/or refrain from monitoring, channels associated with/signals fromthe second network of the second base station (e.g., in/during themonitoring gap). The channels/signals from the second network maycomprise at least one of: a PDCCH; a PDSCH; a reference signal;transport blocks; and/or the like.

The second network of the second base station may comprise at least oneof: a second cell of the second base station; the second base station; asecond RAT comprising the second base station; a second PLMN comprisingthe second base station; a V2X network (e.g., V2X system, cellular-V2Xsystem, intelligent transportation system (ITS), IoT system, cellularcommunication system, etc.); and/or the like. The second network of thesecond base station may comprise at least one of: a second cell of thesecond base station; the second base station; a second RAT comprisingthe second base station; a second PLMN comprising the second basestation; a second system comprising the second base station; and/or thelike. An occasion of the at least one signal may comprise at least oneof: a subframe; an OFDM symbol; and/or the like.

The wireless device may determine, based on the signal information, theassistance information for the signal monitoring. The wireless devicemay transmit/receive/monitor, to/from the second network of the secondbase station, transport blocks on at one or more resources outside themonitoring gap. The wireless device may comprise at least one of: asingle receiver; dual receivers; two or more receivers; and/or the like.

The wireless device may send (e.g, transmit), to the second basestation, a first message comprising assistance information forcommunication with the first base station. The assistance informationmay indicate at least one of: a time duration; a timing offset; and/orthe like. The wireless device may receive a second message indicating acommunication gap to communicate with the first base station. Thewireless device may transmit/receive, based on the communication gap,one or more signals to/from the first base station. The wireless devicemay monitor, in the communication gap, one or more channels in awireless network of the first base station.

The wireless device may maintain an RRC connection with the second basestation if/during the transmitting/receiving/monitoring the one or moresignals. The wireless device may be in an RRC connected state at thesecond network, for example, during thetransmitting/receiving/monitoring the one or more signals. Thecommunication may correspond at least one of: a registration area updateprocedure; a tracking area update procedure; a RAN area updateprocedure; an early data transmission; transmission and/or reception oftransport blocks for at least one service (e.g., an emergency service, aURLLC service, a V2X service, etc.); and/or the like.

The second message may comprise configuration parameters of thecommunication gap. The configuration parameters may indicate at leastone of: a gap duration; a gap time offset; and/or the like. The secondmessage may comprise an activation indication of a PSM. The wirelessdevice may activate the PSM for a network of the second base station.

The second base station may determine, based on the assistanceinformation, the configuration parameters of the communication gap. Theone or more signals may comprise at least one of: a random accesspreamble; a random access response; a radio resource control message;transport blocks for one or more services; and/or the like. The one ormore signals may correspond to at least one of: a registration areaupdate procedure; a tracking area update procedure; a RAN area updateprocedure; an early data transmission; transmission and/or reception oftransport blocks for at least one service (e.g., an emergency service, aURLLC service, a V2X service, etc.); and/or the like.

The wireless device may stop/refrain from transmitting, to the secondnetwork of the second base station (e.g., in/during the communicationgap), at least one of: transport blocks; sounding reference signals; CSIreports; and/or the like. The second network of the second base stationmay comprise at least one of: a second cell of the second base station;the second base station; a second RAT comprising the second basestation; a second PLMN comprising the second base station; and/or thelike.

The wireless device may stop and/or refrain from monitoring channelsassociated with/signals from a second network of the second base station(e.g., in/during the communication gap). The wireless device may stopand/or refrain from monitoring, at least one of: a PDCCH; a PDSCH; areference signal; and/or the like. The second network of the second basestation may comprise at least one of: a second cell of the second basestation; the second base station; a second RAT comprising the secondbase station; a second PLMN comprising the second base station; a secondsystem comprising the second base station; and/or the like. The wirelessdevice may transmit/receive/monitor, to/from a second network of thesecond base station, transport blocks on one or more resources outsidethe communication gap.

The wireless device may receive, from a first base station, at least oneSIB comprising paging information of a first cell of the first basestation. The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit), to a second basestation and based on the paging information, a first message comprisingassistance information for paging monitoring. The assistance informationmay indicate at least one of a periodicity (e.g., of paging occasion,paging frames/subframes/slots, etc.), a timing offset, and/or the like.The wireless device may receive a second message indicating a monitoringgap based on the assistance information. The second message maycomprise, for the monitoring gap, at least one of: configurationparameters for a DRX; configuration parameters for a measurement gap;configuration parameters for a paging gap; and/or the like. The wirelessdevice may monitor, based on the monitoring gap, the at least one pagingoccasion of the first cell. The wireless device may receive, via thefirst cell, a paging indication based on the monitoring.

The wireless device may maintain an RRC connection with the second basestation, for example, in/during the monitoring gap. The wireless devicemay maintain an RRC connection with the second base station, forexample, during the receiving the paging indication. The wireless devicemay be in an RRC connected state at the second network, for example, inthe monitoring gap. The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit), tothe first base station and based on (e.g., in response to) receiving thepaging indication, a random access preamble to establish an RRCconnection.

The assistance information may comprise DRX configuration parameters ofthe wireless device at the first base station. The assistanceinformation may be based on at least one of: DRX configurationparameters at the first base station; a wireless device identifier ofthe wireless device at the first cell; and/or the like. The paginginformation may comprise paging control channel configurationparameters. The paging control channel configuration parameters maycomprise at least one of: a paging cycle; a paging frame offset; anumber of paging occasions per paging frame; a first PDCCH monitoringoccasion for paging of a paging occasion of a paging frame (e.g.,firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO). The assistance information mayindicate a size of occasion (e.g., a time duration of occasion). Theassistance information may indicate that the wireless device is amulti-SIM wireless device (e.g., a dual-SIM wireless device). Theassistance information may comprise at least one of: an indication thatthe assistance information is to monitor a first network of the firstbase station and/or the first cell; an indication of a first PLMN of thefirst base station and/or the first cell.

The second message may comprise configuration parameters of themonitoring gap. The configuration parameters may indicate at least oneof: a gap periodicity; a gap time offset; a gap size; and/or the like.The second base station may determine, based on the assistanceinformation, the configuration parameters of the monitoring gap.

The wireless device may stop and/or refrain from to a second network ofthe second base station (e.g., in/during the monitoring gap). Thewireless device may stop and/or refrain from transmitting at least oneof: transport blocks; sounding reference signals; CSI reports; and/orthe like. The second network of the second base station may comprise atleast one of: a second cell of the second base station; the second basestation; a second RAT comprising the second base station; a second PLMNcomprising the second base station; and/or the like.

The wireless device may stop and/or refrain from monitoring channelsassociated with/signals from a second network of the second base station(e.g., in/during the monitoring gap). The wireless device may stopand/or refrain from monitoring at least one of: a PDCCH; a PDSCH; areference signal; and/or the like. The second network of the second basestation may comprise at least one of: a second cell of the second basestation; the second base station; a second RAT comprising the secondbase station; a second PLMN comprising the second base station; a secondsystem comprising the second base station; and/or the like.

The PO may comprise at least one of: a subframe; an OFDM symbol; and/orthe like. In an example, the wireless device may determine, based on thepaging information, the assistance information for the pagingmonitoring. The wireless device may transmit/receive/monitor, to/from asecond network of the second base station, transport blocks on at one ormore resources outside the monitoring gap.

A wireless device may receive, from a first base station, signalinformation of a first cell of the first base station. The wirelessdevice may send (e.g., transmit), to a second base station and based onthe signal information, a first message comprising assistanceinformation for signal monitoring. The wireless device may receive, fromthe second base station, a second message indicating a monitoring gap.The second base station may determine the monitoring gap based on theassistance information. The wireless device may receive a signal via thefirst cell in/during the monitoring gap.

The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit), to a second base station,a first message comprising assistance information for communication witha first base station. The wireless device may receive a second messageindicating a communication gap to communicate with the first basestation. The wireless device may transmit/receive/monitor one or moresignals to/from the first base station in/during the communication gap.

A wireless device may perform a method comprising multiple operations.The wireless device may receive, from a first base station associatedwith a first network, at least one system information block comprisingpaging information associated with a paging channel of a first cell ofthe first base station. The wireless device may send, to a second basestation associated with a second network and based on the paginginformation, a first message comprising an indication of a periodicityof paging indications associated with the paging channel. The wirelessdevice may receive, from the second base station, a second messageindicating a timing gap based on the periodicity of the pagingindications. The wireless device may monitor, based on the timing gap,the paging channel. The wireless device may receive, during the timinggap and via the paging channel, a paging indication.

The wireless device may also perform one or more additional operations.The first message may comprise assistance information that comprises theindication of the periodicity of the paging indications. The assistanceinformation may further comprise at least one of: an indication that thewireless device communicates with the first network; an indication thatthe assistance information is to monitor the first network; anidentifier of the first network; or discontinuous reception (DRX)configuration parameters associated with the wireless device at thefirst base station. The wireless device may be in a radio resourcecontrol (RRC) connected state with the second base station during thetiming gap. The second message may indicate at least one of: a gapperiodicity; a gap time offset; or a gap size. The first message maycomprise an indication of at least one of: a timing offset of the pagingindications; or a size of the paging indications. The first message mayfurther comprise at least one of: a field indicating that the firstmessage is for a vehicle-to-everything service via the first network; afield indicating that the first message is for an emergency service viathe first network; a field indicating that the first message is for anultra-reliable low-latency communication service via the first network;a field indicating a priority of a service; or a field indicating thatthe first message is for a primary network associated with the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may be a dual subscriber identity module(SIM) device. The first network may comprise a first public land mobilenetwork (PLMN) and the second network may comprise a second PLMN. Thepaging indication may comprise at least one of: a synchronizationsignal; a reference signal; a system information block; transport blocksfor multimedia broadcast multicast service; or transport blocks for atleast one service. The paging information may comprise configurationinformation associated with at least one of: a paging occasion; asynchronization signal; a reference signal; a system information block;a multimedia broadcast multicast service; or reception of transportblocks for at least one service. The wireless device may transmit, tothe first base station and in response to receiving the pagingindication, a random access preamble for at least one of: a radioresource control (RRC) connection; a registration update; a trackingarea update; a radio access network (RAN) area update; or an early datatransmission. The second message may comprise at least one of: a radioresource control (RRC) message; a medium access control (MAC) controlelement; a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) message; ordownlink control information (DCI). The second message may compriseconfiguration parameters of the timing gap, the configuration parametersindicating at least one of: a frequency; a bandwidth; a combination ofbands; a carrier; a subcarrier; a bandwidth part; or a beam. The secondmessage may comprise, for the timing gap, at least one of: configurationparameters for discontinuous reception (DRX); configuration parametersfor a measurement gap; configuration parameters for a paging gap; orconfiguration parameters for a system information gap. The assistanceinformation may be based on at least one of: discontinuous reception(DRX) configuration parameters at the first base station; or a wirelessdevice identifier of the wireless device at the first cell. The paginginformation may comprise paging control channel configuration parametersindicating at least one of: a paging cycle; a paging frame offset; anumber of paging occasions per paging frame; or a first physicaldownlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasion for paging of apaging occasion of a paging frame. The first base station may beassociated with a first radio access technology; and the second basestation may be associated with a second radio access technology. Thefirst cell may be associated with a first radio access technology; and asecond cell of the second base station may be associated with a secondradio access technology. The assistance information may indicate atleast one of: a frequency; a bandwidth; a combination of bands; acarrier; a subcarrier; a bandwidth part; or a beam. The first messagemay indicate that the wireless device is a dual subscriber identitymodule (SIM) device. The wireless device may refrain from sending,during the timing gap, to the second base station, at least one of:transport blocks; sounding reference signals; or channel stateinformation reports. The second network may comprise at least one of: asecond cell of the second base station; a radio access technology (RAT)comprising the second base station; a vehicle-to-everything network, ora system comprising the second base station. The wireless device mayrefrain from monitoring, during the timing gap, at least one of: aphysical downlink control channel (PDCCH) associated with the secondnetwork; a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) associated with thesecond network; or a reference signal associated with the secondnetwork. An occasion of the paging indication may comprise at least oneof: a subframe; or an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing symbol.The wireless device may determine, based on the paging information,assistance information for monitoring the paging indication of thepaging channel. The wireless device may communicate, via one or moreresources other than the timing gap, with the second network. Thewireless device may comprise one or more receivers.

Systems, devices and media may be configured with the method. A wirelessdevice may comprise one or more processors; and memory storinginstructions that, when executed, cause the wireless device to performthe described method, additional operations and/or include theadditional elements. A system may comprise a wireless device configuredto perform the described method, additional operations and/or includethe additional elements; and a base station configured to send thesecond message. A computer-readable medium may store instructions that,when executed, cause performance of the described method, additionaloperations and/or include the additional elements.

A wireless device may perform a method comprising multiple operations.The wireless device may send, to a first base station, a first messageindicating: a time duration for communicating with a second basestation; and a timing offset for communicating with the second basestation. The wireless device may receive, from the first base station, asecond message indicating a communication gap based on the first messagefor communicating with the second base station. The wireless device maycommunicate, during the communication gap, with the second base station.

The wireless device may also perform one or more additional operations.The wireless device may be in a radio resource control (RRC) connectedstate with the first base station during the communication gap. Thecommunicating with the second base station may comprise at least one of:a registration area update procedure; a tracking area update procedure;a radio access network (RAN) area update procedure; an early datatransmission; or transmission or reception of transport blocks for atleast one service. The time duration may be a size of pagingindications, the timing offset may be a timing offset of the pagingindications, the communication gap may be a timing gap, and thecommunicating during the communication gap may comprise receiving,during the timing gap and via a paging channel, a paging indication. Thesecond message may further comprise configuration parameters of thecommunication gap indicating at least one of: a gap size; or a gap timeoffset. The second message may further comprise an activation indicationof a power saving mode. The wireless device may activate the powersaving mode for a wireless network of the first base station. Thecommunicating with the second base station may comprise transmitting orreceiving one or more signals, wherein the one or more signals maycomprise at least one of: a random access preamble; a random accessresponse; a radio resource control (RRC) message; or transport blocksfor one or more services. The communicating with the second base stationmay comprise transmitting or receiving one or more signals associatedwith at least one of: a registration area update; a tracking areaupdate; a radio access network (RAN) area update; an early datatransmission; or at least one service. The wireless device may refrainfrom sending, during the communication gap and via a wireless network ofthe first base station, at least one of: transport blocks; soundingreference signals; or channel state information (CSI) reports. A networkof the second base station may comprise at least one of: a cell of thesecond base station; a radio access technology (RAT) comprising thesecond base station; a public land mobile network (PLMN) comprising thesecond base station; or a system comprising the second base station. Thewireless device may refrain from monitoring, during the communicationgap, at least one of: a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)associated with a network of the second base station; a physicaldownlink shared channel (PDSCH) associated with the network of thesecond base station; or a reference signal associated with the networkof the second base station. The wireless device may communicate, via oneor more resources other than the communication gap, with a network ofthe second base station.

Systems, devices and media may be configured with the method. A wirelessdevice may comprise one or more processors; and memory storinginstructions that, when executed, cause the wireless device to performthe described method, additional operations and/or include theadditional elements. A system may comprise a wireless device configuredto perform the described method, additional operations and/or includethe additional elements; and a base station configured to send thesecond message. A computer-readable medium may store instructions that,when executed, cause performance of the described method, additionaloperations and/or include the additional elements.

A wireless device may perform a method comprising multiple operations.The wireless device may send, to a first base station, a first messagecomprising indications of: a periodicity of paging indicationsassociated with a paging channel of a second base station, and a timingoffset of the paging indication. The wireless device may receive asecond message indicating a timing gap based on the first message. Thewireless device may monitor, based on the timing gap, at least onepaging occasion of a cell of the second base station. The wirelessdevice may receive, during the timing gap and via the cell, a pagingindication.

The wireless device may also perform one or more additional operations.The wireless device may be in a radio resource control (RRC) connectedstate with the first base station during the timing gap. The wirelessdevice may send, to the second base station and based on receiving thepaging indication, a random access preamble to establish an RRCconnection. The first message may further comprise discontinuousreception (DRX) configuration parameters associated with the wirelessdevice at the second base station. The first message may compriseassistance information that comprises the indications of the periodicityand the timing offset. The assistance information may be based on atleast one of: discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration parameters atthe first base station; or a wireless device identifier of the wirelessdevice at a second cell of the first base station. The assistanceinformation may be based on paging information comprising paging controlchannel configuration parameters indicating at least one of: a pagingcycle; a paging frame offset; a number of paging occasions per pagingframe; or a first physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoringoccasion for paging of a paging occasion of a paging frame. The firstbase station may be associated with a first radio access technology; andthe second base station may be associated with a second radio accesstechnology. The first base station may be associated with a first publicland mobile network (PLMN); and the second base station may beassociated with a second PLMN. The cell may be associated with a firstradio access technology (RAT); and a second cell of the first basestation may be associated with a second RAT. The cell is associated witha first PLMN; and a second cell of the first base station is associatedwith a second PLMN. The first message may indicate a size of a pagingoccasion. The first message may indicate that the wireless device is adual subscriber identity module (SIM) device. The assistance informationmay comprise at least one of: an indicator indicating that theassistance information is to monitor a first network of the first basestation; or an indicator indicating a public land mobile network (PLMN)of the first base station. The wireless device may be a dual subscriberidentity module (SIM) device. The second message may indicate at leastone of: a gap periodicity; a gap time offset; or a gap size. Thewireless device may refrain from transmitting, during the timing gap,via a network of the second base station, at least one of: transportblocks; sounding reference signals; or channel state information (CSI)reports. A network of the second base station may comprise at least oneof: the cell of the second base station; a RAT comprising the secondbase station; a PLMN comprising the second base station; or a systemcomprising the second base station. The wireless device may refrain frommonitoring, during the timing gap, at least one of: a PDCCH associatedwith a network of the second base station; a physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) associated with the network of the second base station;or a reference signal associated with the network of the second basestation. The at least one paging occasion comprises at least one of: asubframe; or an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing symbol. Thewireless device may communicate, via one or more resources other thanthe timing gap, with a network of the second base station.

Systems, devices and media may be configured with the method. A wirelessdevice may comprise one or more processors; and memory storinginstructions that, when executed, cause the wireless device to performthe described method, additional operations and/or include theadditional elements. A system may comprise a wireless device configuredto perform the described method, additional operations and/or includethe additional elements; and a base station configured to send thesecond message. A computer-readable medium may store instructions that,when executed, cause performance of the described method, additionaloperations and/or include the additional elements.

A wireless device may perform a method comprising multiple operations.The wireless device may receive, from a first base station, signalinformation of a cell of a first base station. The wireless device maytransmit, to a second base station and based on the signal information,a first message comprising assistance information for signal monitoring.The wireless device may receive a second message indicating a monitoringgap based on the assistance information. The wireless device mayreceive, via the cell and during the monitoring gap, a signal.

Systems, devices and media may be configured with the method. A wirelessdevice may comprise one or more processors; and memory storinginstructions that, when executed, cause the wireless device to performthe described method, additional operations and/or include theadditional elements. A system may comprise a wireless device configuredto perform the described method, additional operations and/or includethe additional elements; and a base station configured to send thesecond message. A computer-readable medium may store instructions that,when executed, cause performance of the described method, additionaloperations and/or include the additional elements.

A wireless device may perform a method comprising multiple operations.The wireless device may transmit, to a first base station, a firstmessage comprising assistance information for communication with asecond base station. The wireless device may receive a second messageindicating a communication gap to communicate with the second basestation. The wireless device may communicate, during the communicationgap, with the second base station.

Systems, devices and media may be configured with the method. A wirelessdevice may comprise one or more processors; and memory storinginstructions that, when executed, cause the wireless device to performthe described method, additional operations and/or include theadditional elements. A system may comprise a wireless device configuredto perform the described method, additional operations and/or includethe additional elements; and a base station configured to send thesecond message. A computer-readable medium may store instructions that,when executed, cause performance of the described method, additionaloperations and/or include the additional elements.

FIG. 33 shows example elements of a computing device that may be used toimplement any of the various devices described herein, including, e.g.,the base station 120A and/or 120B, the wireless device 110 (e.g., 110Aand/or 110B), or any other base station, wireless device, or computingdevice described herein. The computing device 3300 may include one ormore processors 3301, which may execute instructions stored in therandom-access memory (RAM) 3303, the removable media 3304 (such as aUniversal Serial Bus (USB) drive, compact disk (CD) or digital versatiledisk (DVD), or floppy disk drive), or any other desired storage medium.Instructions may also be stored in an attached (or internal) hard drive3305. The computing device 3300 may also include a security processor(not shown), which may execute instructions of one or more computerprograms to monitor the processes executing on the processor 3301 andany process that requests access to any hardware and/or softwarecomponents of the computing device 3300 (e.g., ROM 3302, RAM 3303, theremovable media 3304, the hard drive 3305, the device controller 3307, anetwork interface 3309, a GPS 3311, a Bluetooth interface 3312, a WiFiinterface 3313, etc.). The computing device 3300 may include one or moreoutput devices, such as the display 3306 (e.g., a screen, a displaydevice, a monitor, a television, etc.), and may include one or moreoutput device controllers 3307, such as a video processor. There mayalso be one or more user input devices 3308, such as a remote control,keyboard, mouse, touch screen, microphone, etc. The computing device3300 may also include one or more network interfaces, such as a networkinterface 3309, which may be a wired interface, a wireless interface, ora combination of the two. The network interface 3309 may provide aninterface for the computing device 3300 to communicate with a network3310 (e.g., a RAN, or any other network). The network interface 3309 mayinclude a modem (e.g., a cable modem), and the external network 3310 mayinclude communication links, an external network, an in-home network, aprovider's wireless, coaxial, fiber, or hybrid fiber/coaxialdistribution system (e.g., a DOCSIS network), or any other desirednetwork. Additionally, the computing device 3300 may include alocation-detecting device, such as a global positioning system (GPS)microprocessor 3311, which may be configured to receive and processglobal positioning signals and determine, with possible assistance froman external server and antenna, a geographic position of the computingdevice 3300.

The example in FIG. 33 may be a hardware configuration, although thecomponents shown may be implemented as software as well. Modificationsmay be made to add, remove, combine, divide, etc. components of thecomputing device 3300 as desired. Additionally, the components may beimplemented using basic computing devices and components, and the samecomponents (e.g., processor 3301, ROM storage 3302, display 3306, etc.)may be used to implement any of the other computing devices andcomponents described herein. For example, the various componentsdescribed herein may be implemented using computing devices havingcomponents such as a processor executing computer-executableinstructions stored on a computer-readable medium, as shown in FIG. 33.Some or all of the entities described herein may be software based, andmay co-exist in a common physical platform (e.g., a requesting entitymay be a separate software process and program from a dependent entity,both of which may be executed as software on a common computing device).

The disclosed mechanisms herein may be performed if certain criteria aremet, for example, in a wireless device, a base station, a radioenvironment, a network, a combination of the above, and/or the like.Example criteria may be based on, for example, wireless device and/ornetwork node configurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packetsizes, traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, and/or thelike. If the one or more criteria are met, various examples may be used.It may be possible to implement examples that selectively implementdisclosed protocols.

A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wirelessdevices and/or base stations may support multiple technologies, and/ormultiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have somespecific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and/orcapability(ies). A base station may comprise multiple sectors. A basestation communicating with a plurality of wireless devices may refer tobase station communicating with a subset of the total wireless devicesin a coverage area. Wireless devices referred to herein may correspondto a plurality of wireless devices of a particular LTE or 5G releasewith a given capability and in a given sector of a base station. Aplurality of wireless devices may refer to a selected plurality ofwireless devices, and/or a subset of total wireless devices in acoverage area. Such devices may operate, function, and/or perform basedon or according to drawings and/or descriptions herein, and/or the like.There may be a plurality of base stations or a plurality of wirelessdevices in a coverage area that may not comply with the disclosedmethods, for example, because those wireless devices and/or basestations perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

One or more features described herein may be implemented in acomputer-usable data and/or computer-executable instructions, such as inone or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or otherdevices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects,components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks orimplement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor ina computer or other data processing device. The computer executableinstructions may be stored on one or more computer readable media suchas a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid statememory, RAM, etc. The functionality of the program modules may becombined or distributed as desired. The functionality may be implementedin whole or in part in firmware or hardware equivalents such asintegrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), and thelike. Particular data structures may be used to more effectivelyimplement one or more features described herein, and such datastructures are contemplated within the scope of computer executableinstructions and computer-usable data described herein.

Many of the elements in examples may be implemented as modules. A modulemay be an isolatable element that performs a defined function and has adefined interface to other elements. The modules may be implemented inhardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware(i.e., hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, allof which may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may beimplemented as a software routine written in a computer languageconfigured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++,Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab or the like) or a modeling/simulationprogram such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or Lab VIEWMathScript.Additionally or alternatively, it may be possible to implement modulesusing physical hardware that incorporates discrete or programmableanalog, digital and/or quantum hardware. Examples of programmablehardware may comprise: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors,application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); field programmablegate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs).Computers, microcontrollers, and microprocessors may be programmed usinglanguages such as assembly, C, C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs, and CPLDsmay be programmed using hardware description languages (HDL), such asVHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog, which mayconfigure connections between internal hardware modules with lesserfunctionality on a programmable device. The above-mentioned technologiesmay be used in combination to achieve the result of a functional module.

A non-transitory tangible computer readable media may compriseinstructions executable by one or more processors configured to causeoperations of multi-carrier communications described herein. An articleof manufacture may comprise a non-transitory tangible computer readablemachine-accessible medium having instructions encoded thereon forenabling programmable hardware to cause a device (e.g., a wirelessdevice, wireless communicator, a wireless device, a base station, andthe like) to allow operation of multi-carrier communications describedherein. The device, or one or more devices such as in a system, mayinclude one or more processors, memory, interfaces, and/or the like.Other examples may comprise communication networks comprising devicessuch as base stations, wireless devices or user equipment (wirelessdevice), servers, switches, antennas, and/or the like. A network maycomprise any wireless technology, including but not limited to,cellular, wireless, WiFi, 4G, 5G, any generation of 3GPP or othercellular standard or recommendation, wireless local area networks,wireless personal area networks, wireless ad hoc networks, wirelessmetropolitan area networks, wireless wide area networks, global areanetworks, space networks, and any other network using wirelesscommunications. Any device (e.g., a wireless device, a base station, orany other device) or combination of devices may be used to perform anycombination of one or more of steps described herein, including, forexample, any complementary step or steps of one or more of the abovesteps.

Although examples are described above, features and/or steps of thoseexamples may be combined, divided, omitted, rearranged, revised, and/oraugmented in any desired manner Various alterations, modifications, andimprovements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Suchalterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part ofthis description, though not expressly stated herein, and are intendedto be within the spirit and scope of the descriptions herein.Accordingly, the foregoing description is by way of example only, and isnot limiting.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wirelessdevice from a first base station associated with a first network, atleast one system information block comprising paging informationassociated with a paging channel of a first cell of the first basestation; sending, by the wireless device to a second base stationassociated with a second network and based on the paging information, afirst message comprising an indication of a periodicity of pagingindications associated with the paging channel; receiving, from thesecond base station, a second message indicating a timing gap based onthe periodicity of the paging indications; monitoring, based on thetiming gap, the paging channel; and receiving, during the timing gap andvia the paging channel, a paging indication.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the first message comprises assistance information thatcomprises the indication of the periodicity of the paging indications,and wherein the assistance information further comprises at least oneof: an indication that the wireless device communicates with the firstnetwork; an indication that the assistance information is to monitor thefirst network; an identifier of the first network; or discontinuousreception (DRX) configuration parameters associated with the wirelessdevice at the first base station.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein thewireless device is in a radio resource control (RRC) connected statewith the second base station during the timing gap.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the second message indicates at least one of: a gapperiodicity; a gap time offset; or a gap size.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the first message further comprises an indication of at leastone of: a timing offset of the paging indications; or a size of thepaging indications.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first messagefurther comprises at least one of: a field indicating that the firstmessage is for a vehicle-to-everything service via the first network; afield indicating that the first message is for an emergency service viathe first network; a field indicating that the first message is for anultra-reliable low-latency communication service via the first network;a field indicating a priority of a service; or a field indicating thatthe first message is for a primary network associated with the wirelessdevice.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless device is a dualsubscriber identity module (SIM) device.
 8. The method of claim 1,wherein the first network comprises a first public land mobile network(PLMN), and wherein the second network comprises a second PLMN.
 9. Amethod comprising: sending, by a wireless device to a first basestation, a first message indicating: a time duration for communicatingwith a second base station; and a timing offset for communicating withthe second base station; receiving, from the first base station, asecond message indicating a communication gap based on the first messagefor communicating with the second base station; and communicating,during the communication gap, with the second base station.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein the wireless device is in a radio resourcecontrol (RRC) connected state with the first base station during thecommunication gap.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the communicatingwith the second base station comprises at least one of: a registrationarea update procedure; a tracking area update procedure; a radio accessnetwork (RAN) area update procedure; an early data transmission; ortransmission or reception of transport blocks for at least one service.12. The method of claim 9, wherein: the time duration is a size ofpaging indications, the timing offset is a timing offset of the pagingindications, the communication gap is a timing gap, and communicatingduring the communication gap comprises receiving, during the timing gapand via a paging channel, a paging indication.
 13. The method of claim9, wherein the second message further comprises configuration parametersof the communication gap indicating at least one of: a gap size; or agap time offset.
 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the second messagefurther comprises an activation indication of a power saving mode, andwherein the method further comprises: activating the power saving modefor a wireless network of the first base station.
 15. The method ofclaim 9, further comprising not sending, during the communication gapand via a wireless network of the first base station, at least one of:transport blocks; sounding reference signals; or channel stateinformation reports.
 16. A method comprising: sending, by a wirelessdevice to a first base station, a first message comprising indicationsof: a periodicity of paging indications associated with a paging channelof a second base station, and a timing offset of the paging indications;receiving a second message indicating a timing gap based on the firstmessage; monitoring, based on the timing gap, at least one pagingoccasion of a cell of the second base station; and receiving, during thetiming gap and via the cell, a paging indication.
 17. The method ofclaim 16, wherein the wireless device is in a radio resource control(RRC) connected state with the first base station during the timing gap.18. The method of claim 16, further comprising, sending, to the secondbase station and based on receiving the paging indication, a randomaccess preamble to establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection.19. The method of claim 16, wherein the second message comprises, forthe timing gap, at least one of: configuration parameters for adiscontinuous reception (DRX); configuration parameters for ameasurement gap; or configuration parameters for a paging gap.
 20. Themethod of claim 16, wherein the first message further comprisesdiscontinuous reception (DRX) configuration parameters associated withthe wireless device at the second base station.